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CEREMONIES AT THE DEDICATION 



OF THE 



EQUESTRIAN STATUE 



MAJOR-GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE 

COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE U. S. ARMY 
ERECTED BY THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

ON THE 

REVOLUTIONARY CAMP GROUND 



AT 



VALLEY FORGE 



JUNE 20. 1908 



HARRISBURG, PA.: 
HARRISBURG PUBLISHING CO., STATE PRINTER. 
1909. 






LO 1910 






COMMISSION TO ERECT EQUESTRIAN STATUE 

OF MAJOR-GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE, 

AT VALLEY FORGE CAMP GROUND. 

(Authorized by Act of May 11, 1905, P. L. 453.) 

Lieut.-Colonel John P. Nicholson Chairman 
Richard M. Cadwalader. Esq. 
John Armstrong Herman Esq. 



Lieutenant-Colonel E. B. Cope. 

Engineer 



( 3 ) 



PREFACE 

The General Assembly of the Commonwealth made an 
Appropriation for the erection of an Equestrian statue to 
Major-General Anthony Wayne, which was approved by 
Governor Pennypacker, May II, 1905. 

The Commission authorized by the Act was appointed 
June 5, 1905, and named as follows: 

John P. Nicholson, Richard M. Cadwalder and John Arm- 
strong Herman. 

A meeting of the Commission was held July 15, 1905, for 
organization and discussion of plans. It was agreed to select 
a competent engineer to prepare the proper specification for 
a competition and to erect an Equestrian statue of Major- 
General Anthony Wayne, in pursuance of the act. 

At a meeting, July 22, 1905, Lieut.-Colonel E. B. Cope 
was selected as the engineer, and Colonel Nicholson to act 
as chairman. 

On October 14, 1905, at Valley Forge, Penna., a location 
for the statue was selected in the presence of the Valley 
Forge Park Commission and with their approval on the outer 
line of entrenchments, and south of the line held by the Penn- 
sylvania troops, and to invite a competition of sculptors at 
Harrisburg, Penna., April 2, 1906. 

April 2, 1906, the Commission assembled with the engin- 
eer, and in the presence of Governor Pennypacker, made an 
inspection of twelve models submitted by sculptors. 

June 22, 1906, the Commission, with the presence of Gov- 
ernor Pennypacker, resolved that six of the sculptors who 
had exhibited at Harrisburg April 2. 1906, be requested to 
submit for a further examination photographs and draw- 
ings of the models exhibited April 2, 1906. 

(5) 



G Preface. 

On September 15, 1906, the Commission met and ex- 
amined the photographs of the models. 

Mr. John A. Herman submitted the following resolution: 

"Resolved, That the Commission submit to the Governor 
rt'he design of Mr. H. K. Bush-Brown for his approval, and to 
inform him that the selected design is the unanimous choice 
of the Commission." 

The resolution was adopted and the approval of the Gov- 
pernor obtained September 17, 1906. 

On October 6, 1906, the Commission signed the contract 
with H. K. Bush-Brown, for the completion of the statue 
October 31, 1908. 

July 1, 1907, the pedestal contract was awarded to Captain 
William R. Hodges, of St. Louis, Mo., to be made of red 
Missouri granite, and in all respects the work was well and 
•satisfactorily performed. 

A number of visits by the Commission during the progress 
-of the work was made to the studio of Mr. H. K. Bush- 
Brown, at Newburgh, N. Y. 

Upon completion of the plaster model, it was cast in stand- 
ard bronze by Bureau Brothers, in Philadelphia. 

The act passed by the General Assembly making an appro- 
priation for the payment of the expenses incident to the 
dedication of the statue was approved by Governor Edwin 
S. Stuart, June 13, 1907, and with proper ceremonies the 
statue was unveiled Saturday, June 20, 1908. 

The Commission desire to express to the sculptor, H. K. 
Bush-Brown, their appreciation of his work, pronounced to 
be one of the world's best Equestrian statues by those who 
through experience and education in Equestrian statues are 
competent judges. 

To the Hon. S. W. Pennypacker whose patriotism and 
love of the Commonwealth is due the tribute to one of the 
foremost soldiers of the American republic. 

JOHN P. NICHOLSON, 

Chairman. 
RICHARD M. CADWALADER, 
JOHN ARMSTRONG HERMAN. 

Commission. 



JOHN P NICHOLSON 
CHAIRMAN 




HENRY K BUSH-BROWN 
SCULPTOR 






COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 



The Commission for the Erection of the Equestrian Statue of 

Major-General Anthony Wayne, 

Commanding the United States Army, 

requests your presence at the 

Unveiling Ceremonies 

at the Valley Forge Camp Ground, Pennsylvania, 

Saturday, June 20, 1908, at 1.30 P. M. 

John P. Nicholson, Chairman Richard M. Cadwalader John A. Herman 



(7) 



( T ) 



PROGRAMME OF THE DEDICATION 
OF THE EQUESTRIAN STATUE 

OF MAJOR-GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE 

Commander-in-Chief U. S. Army March 1792-1796. 



SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1908. 1.30 P. M. 
MUSIC BY THE PHOENIX MILITARY BAND. 

PRAYER BY THE REV. J. H. LAMB, D.D. 

Rector of Old St. David's Church Radnor, Pa. 

MUSIC BY THE. PHOENIX MILITARY BAND. 

UNVEILING OP THE STATUE. 
By Miss Lydia Bush-Brown, daughter of the Sculptor. 

SALUTE BY BATTERY "E," 3d U. S. ARTILLERY. 

SALUTE TO THE STATUE with the REVOLUTIONARY COLORS. 
By the Color Guard of the Pennsylvania Society 
Sons of the Revolution. 

•STAR SPANGLED BANNER," BEALE'S PHILADELPHIA BAND. 

TRANSFER OP THE STATUTE TO THOMAS J. STEWART, 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL, REPRESENTING THE 

GOVERNOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 

By John Armstrong Herman, Esq. 

RECEPTION OF THE STATUE BY THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL 
OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 

ORATION BY THE HON. SAMUEL W. PENNYPACKER, LL. D. 

MUSIC BY THE PHOENIX MILITARY BAND. 

INTRODUCTION OF THE SCULPTOR H. K. BUSH-BROWN. 

By Richard M. Cadwialader, Esq. 

BENEDICTION BY THE REV. JOSEPH E. SAGEBEER. 

Pastor Great Valley Baptist Church. 

MUSIC BY THE PHOENIX MILITARY BAND. 



COMMISSION. 

Lieut. -Colonel John P. Nicholson, Chairman. 
Richard M. Cadwalader. John Armstrong Herman. 

(9) 



PRAYER BY REV. JAMES H. LAMB, D. D. 



O Lord God of Hosts, we come before Thee at the unveil- 
ing of this monument to the memory of one who was ever 
faithful and true to every duty both as a soldier and as a 
citizen. 

We thank Thee for his example of faithfulness, and for all 
the great things which Thou hast done for us in this glorious 
land into which Thou didst guide our Fathers. 

Thou didst enable them to pass through the Red Sea of 
war and hast granted unto us a goodly heritage, appointing 
us as a nation for the protection of the weak and making us 
of great service to all the world. 

We thank Thee for the civil and religious privileges which 
we enjoy and for the multiplied manifestations of Thy favor 
towards us. Help us through the aid of Thy Holy Spirit to 
show forth our thankfulness for these Thy mercies by living 
in reverence of Thy Almighty Power and dominion, in hum- 
ble reliance on Thy goodness and mercy and in Holy obedi- 
ence to Thy righteous laws. Preserve to us we beseech 
Thee, the blessings of peace, and restore them to the nations 
deprived of them. Bind into one happy people the multi- 
tudes brought hither out of many kindreds and tongues. 
Help us to close the widening chasm between the strong and 
the weak, the rich and the poor, by casting away from us all 
pride and prejudice and whatever else may hinder us from 
being a happy and united people. 

Guide by Thy wisdom the Rulers of this nation so that 
they may serve Thee in honesty of purpose and uprightness 
of life. May they ever remember that they are answerable to 
Thee for the manner in which they serve Thy people. De- 
liver them from the love of power and from the motives of 
personal gain, from consideration of men or money in place 
of the demands of truth and justice; and from losing patriot- 
ism in partisanship. Fill them with larger visions of truth, 
and an ever deeper sense of the demands of righteousness; 

(li) 



L2 Major < lateral Anthony Wayne. 

that through their faithfulness the life of our people may be 
guided by wise policies, and lifted to higher ideals and nobler 
achievements. May we always prove ourselves to be a peo- 
ple mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy will. May our 
land be blessed with honorable industry, sound learning and 
pure manners, save us from violence and discord, from pride 
and arrogance, and from every evil way, and may we prove 
our gratitude for our glorious liberty and our preserved unity 
in being "a happy people whose God is the Lord." 

Not only do we thank Thee for the guidance given to our 
Fathers of an early day, whom we remember as valiant in 
fight, wise in council, brave as warriors, far seeing as states- 
men and incorruptible as patriots, but we give Thee thanks 
also for those of a later day, who spared not their lives that 
our land might be a united one, and we pray Thee that 
we may follow their good examples and bequeath to our 
children a nation worthy of such founders and preservers, 
meet to do Thy will here on earth as it is done in Heaven, 
so that Thy Kingdom may come and we be completely sub- 
ject to Thy Son Jesus Christ in whose name we offer these 
our petitions. And to Thee our Loving Father, together 
with Thy Blessed Son and the Holy Spirit be all glory and 
honor and power now and ever more. Amen. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 13 



ADDRESS QF JOHN ARMSTRONG HERMAN, ESQ. 



John Armstrong- Herman, Esq., Presiding. 

General Stewart, as representative to-day of the beloved 
Governor of a great and patriotic Commonwealth, and with 
your permission my fellow citizens, who honor yourselves 
by being present at this sacred spot to honor the memory of 
a great hero of the Revolutionary War, and to honor the 
memory of the soldiers who suffered and died here, has come 
to me to-day a singular distinction and a joyful duty. 

For we have come to this sacred field where Wayne 
showed his fealty to the cause of liberty through ordeals 
more trying than leading his soldiers up a beatling crag in 
the face of a bristling fort, to dedicate this statue to his 
memory. 

It would seem proper before T make the formal transfer to 
the Commonwealth, of this great Equestrian statue, wrought 
by a great sculptor, to honor the memory of the most daring 
and brilliant Revolutionary officer under the great, revered, 
and incomparable Washington — that I should glance for a 
moment at the life of Anthony Wayne, and tell in a few 
words the story of the encampment at Valley Forge during 
the winter of 1777 and 1778. 

It is not my purpose to attempt to trace the many distin- 
guished military feats of the life of Pennsylvania's greatest 
hero of the war of the Revolution, or to give in detail the 
history of this encampment, most famous of all encampments 
in the world's history. One far abler and more competent 
that I am will do that. A gentleman whose historical 
knowledge of our Commonwealth is profound, and accurate 
and true ; a citizen whose reverence for the past history and 
pride in the present greatness of his native Commonwealth is 
as dear to him as his life itself; a patriot whose devotion to the 
work of his co-laborers, men and women, in saving of this 
most holy place of the Revolutionary struggle for a memorial, 
is preeminent ; it is for the distinguished Ex-Governor pres- 



14 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

cut K) analyse that life, and to tell in detail the story of Valley 
Forge. 

In the study of the life of Anthony Wayne* there have al- 
ways seemed to me to have been two Wayne's; one the dar- 
ing, fearless offieer ever anxious to lead his soldiers in the 
most desperate charges or encounters, and that won for him 
during the Revolutionary days the sobrequet of Mad An- 
thony Wayne; and the other the man ever considerate of his 
soldiers, careful, watchful, the vigilant Anthony Wayne. 

The daring Anthony Wayne was seen at the Battle of 
Monmouth and at the capture of Stony Point, and on many 
other battlefields, and his deeds of almost unparalleled 
bravery during the Revolutionary War made his a national 
hero in Revolutionary times. It is the memory of these 
deeds that makes him a national hero to-day. 

Never did I realize more fully how national is Wayne's 
fame to-day, never shall I forget my pride in our great Rev- 
olutionary hero, as when I first visited Stony Point on that 
river well called the lordly Hudson. I saw a percipitious, 
almost unscalable bluff on three sides, and a marsh on the 
fourth. 

Just as our citizens and our Commonwealth have laid out 
this park and perpetuated it forever in honor of the men 
who suffered and died here, so has the State of New York 
laid out and dedicated to the memory of Anthony Wayne 
and to the memory of the soldiers who fought and died at 
Stony Point, that historic ground. 

West Point looks down upon Stony Point and farther up 
and across the river is Beacon Hill from whence flashed the 
signal fires of Revolution to the patriots of the far away east 
and north, and as you walk in New York's historic park, 
Stony Point, with ravishing views all about you, you hear 
Wayne's name everywhere. It is ever on the lips of the 
guide ; his bravery is the talk of the tourists from all over the 
world who gather with historians and patriots there, and as 
they cross and re-cross those old ramparts their talk is ever 
of the midnight attack of Anthony Wayne, and of his despe- 
rate charge and of his heroism that will forever and for a day 
defy oblivion. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 15 

I believe it will be considered that I speak moderately and 
advisedly when I say that if there is one act of heroism on 
the battlefields of the Revolutionary War, that is preeminent 
for brilliant, daring and heedlessness of life among so many 
deeds of daring in that struggle, it was the storming of Stony 
Point. 

Do you recall on that famous night that Wayne believed 
that he would not survive that charge? Do you recall his 
letter to his friend Delaney in which he wrote, "This will not 
meet your eye until the writer is no more." How Wayne 
and his three hundred men, because of the rise of the tide 
first waded the creek across the marsh to reach the abatis 
made of trees and logs below the main fortifications, and how 
the twenty who went in advance of each batallion to cut away 
the abatis, where called the "forlorn hope." How the 
twenty rushed forward to do their duty in the face of a 
shower of grape and musketry, and seventeen of the twenty 
fell killed or wounded, so fierce and terrible was the shower 
of bullets. How Wayne, spear in hand, leaped over the ob- 
structions and rushed ahead towards the fortifications above, 
and was struck by a musket ball on the scalp and fell. How 
he quickly recovered consciousness and cried out, "Forward ! 
my brave fellows, forward!" How he asked to be carried 
into the fort to die there ; and how his comrades madened by 
the wounding of their daring leader, rushed onward and up- 
ward and over the fortifications, and killing many, captured 
the rest of the seven hundred British defenders. Yes, it was 
madness. It was Mad Anthony Wayne. 

It was the madness of Leonidas, who when told that the 
secret pass behind him had been betrayed to the enemy, 
marched his few hundreds of Spartians and Thespians and 
Thebans against the host of Xerxes, to consecrate their lives 
for their country. Not in vain, for was not Thermopylae the 
inspiring shout at Salamis. It was the madness of Washing- 
ton at Braddocks who. with horse after horse shot under him 
fought on and <»n with his little band of colonials and saved 
from annihilation the flying and panic-stricken British sol- 
diers. 

It was the madness of the defenders of the Alamo. The 



16 Major (lateral Anthony Wayne. 

inscription on their monument stirs every patriot's heart: 
"Thermopylae had its messenger of defeat, but the Alamo 
had none." And the lone star shines brightly in our galaxy. 

Never can I forget the story told by a Rough Rider of his 
hero — his beloved Colonel. It was so characteristic of the 
Revolutionary hero we honor to-day. 

It was at a dinner given to the Rough Rider, after Santi- 
ago, on his return from Cuba. The trooper had been severely 
wounded in that famous charge and his cheek was yet pale 
from the sufferings he had endured. Like the brave man 
he was, like all brave men, in speaking of that now historic 
spot, he was silent as to the part he played there. He told 
the tale that is known by school children from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific, and from the Lakes to the Rio Grande, the 
charge of the Rough Riders from the gulch to the slope to- 
wards the Block House, with their fearless Colonel leading 
far ahead; urging his men forward; and when they were in 
the open and the screen of timber had vanished, and the 
storm of shells and bullets that threatened their extermina- 
tion broke over them, it was the Colonel's voice that rang 
out with "Forward, march." Just like Anthony Wayne at 
Stony Point. Ever far ahead was the Colonel of the Rough 
Riders waving his sword in the midst of shot and shell, lead- 
ing a charmed life like Washington at Braddocks, behind 
him his dismounted troopers falling dead or wounded. The 
Colonel still leading in that desperate charge until his horse 
fell ; then on his feet running far ahead ; ever encouraging 
his men up the steep ascent towards the Block House until 
the Spaniards behind their fortress wondered at his madness. 
And the trooper called it madness too, and in tones of deep- 
est gratitude — forgetting even his own Rough Riders and his 
Colonel, he told of the resolute, disciplined bravery of the 
Tenth Cavalry, the colored regiment, and admitted that but 
for the Tenth Cavalry scarcely a Rough Rider would have 
been left to tell the tale. 

It is a long call from San Juan to Anthony Wayne at Stony 
Point, but it is the same madness that has endeared these 
heroes in the hearts of their countrymen ; that has endeared 
the memory of Anthony Wayne through all time to come 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 17 

and in the broad expanse of our great country has forever 
endeared in the hearts of the millions of our citizens, the 
name of Theodore Roosevelt. 

Let us now turn our thoughts for a moment to the sacred 
hills and dales of Valley Forge, where we are gathered to- 
day. Valley Forge has well been called the midnight of the 
Revolution. Need I recall to you, my fellow citizens, who 
live in this beautiful land, the tale of the two hostile armies 
that tramped backwards and forwards here; this land where 
battles were fought and where the blood of the Revolution- 
ists and Royalists mingled to crimson the soil. Need I re- 
call the three defeats of the Revolutionists that preceded 
Valley Forge — Brandywine, Paoli and Germantown, defeats 
that explain the reason for Washington's encampment here. 

Brandywine, September, 1777. Howe was marching from 
the Chesapeake to take Philadelphia. Washington with his 
hastily collected, poorly disciplined, army of 11,000 men at- 
tempted to stay Howe's progress on the eastern shore of the 
Brandywine. Howe faced him with his 17,000 Hessians and 
British soldiers, well armed, well disciplined, his British 
soldiers known as the flower of the Royal Infantry. Wayne 
as usual, was given the point of greatest danger at Brandy- 
wine. where the heaviest fighting was expected, at Chadd's 
Ford, where the great highway crossed. Washington's po- 
sition was a strong one, and the British never fought more 
determinedly, more bravely, or with better leadership. 
Howe has won unstinted praise for his conduct of the Battle 
of Brandywine — and at that stubbornly contested ford. 
Wayne won glory too. An officer who fought with him on 
that day wrote that, "notwithstanding the weight and vigor 
of the British attack and the aid it received from the covered 
battery, they were unable to drive Wayne from his position 
until near sunset." 

Only when our right under Sullivan had been driven in 
and Wayne was in danger of an attack by the British under 
Cornwallis in the rear, did Wayne retreat — and it must be to 
us of the land of Penn, when we read the tale of Brandywine, 
a source of deep joy that Pennsylvanians on that day in de- 
fence of their Commonwealth fought with almost savage 
2 



18 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

bravery, and the toll they paid for the fame they won was 
the long list of dead and wounded officers and men of the 
Pennsylvania line who died or suffered there. 

And then on September 20th, Paoli. It has been called 
a massacre. It was not. In times of war with brother 
against brother, hatreds are deep and words hyperboles. 

Wayne never gave evidence of quicker decision, greater 
bravery, and more efficient leadership. Washington was 
north of the Schuylkill. Wayne had been ordered by Wash- 
ington to go south of the Schuylkill, an extremely hazard- 
ous position, and to take post between the Paoli Tavern and 
the Warren Tavern, located two miles apart on the Lancaster 
road. His instruction to Wayne was to attack the rear 
guard of the British, then encamped in the Great Valley, 
and capture the British train, if possible. 

Wayne took every precaution to keep his movement 
secret, but Tory spies betrayed to the British commander, 
Wayne's camp, and on the night of the 20th of September, 
by an overwhelming force, Wayne's 1,500 men were attacked 
but notwithstanding the over-powering number of the Brit- 
ish, Wayne withdrew in good order, saving all his artillery, 
ammunition and stores, and losing three hundred men as 
prisoners, and with but fifty-three men killed. Paoli was 
not a massacre ; it was war. 

But in the face of the two defeats Washington had decided 
to attack again. He had given up his Fabian policy from 
the times of Princeton and Trenton. In his great wisdom 
he knew that the world loves a good fighter,, and it was at 
Pennypacker's Mills on the 28th of September, that at a 
council of war, Washington decided in favor of the minority 
of the generals, to fight the British at Germantown. Wayne 
was one of the minority. Wayne always voted for the 
attack. 

On October 3rd Washington moved his 10,000 men from 
Pennypacker's Mills to Germantown. Sullivan commanded 
the right wing and with Sullivan was the division of Wayne. 
General Greene, in whom Washington had great confidence, 
as Bancroft tells us, was given two-thirds of the available 
men on the left wing of the army. Greene because of the 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 19 

difficult route, failed to arrive at the expected time, and the 
battle began with all the English regiments attacking Sulli- 
van and Wayne. Wayne's division charged with drawn 
bayonets and tried to revenge Paoli. The British broke and 
ran — then the British formed again, and made a stubborn 
stand, only to break and run again, driven back by Wayne a 
mile. When Howe himself, coming up with reinforce- 
ments, Wayne found himself face to face with the British 
army at the Chew House. And then came the fight and 
slaughter about the Chew Mansion, whose massive walls still 
intact, was a mighty fortress for the British stationed there, 
who shot from every available window, even from the cellar 
portals. Then followed the mistake made by the Americans 
of firing into the backs of their own men in the dense fog, 
and then Wayne's horse was killed under him within a few 
yards of the enemies line ; then he was wounded by a connon 
ball in the foot; and then with their ammunition gone and 
confused in the fog, Wayne's division of Pennsylvanians, on 
their native soil again fought with fierce bravery until they 
were finally outflanked and forced to retreat. And among 
the six hundred Americans killed, fifty-three lay dead on 
the lawn in front of the Chew Mansion, and four dead across 
the door step. 

Thus had our army been defeated three times, but Wash- 
ington's wisdom had been justified. The statesmen of 
Europe saw that Washington, with a lately raised and poorly 
equipped army, scarcely more than half of the British forces, 
attacked again and again. It was this fact that brought the 
powerful French government to their final decision to enter 
into an alliance with the struggling patriots in far away 
America. 

Tt was on hearing the news of Germantown, after the de- 
feat at Paoli, that Frederick of Prussia exclaimed: "I am 
now confident that the independence of America is assured." 

And then White Marsh, where Howe declined battle — and 
then Valley Forge. 

On the 19th of December, 1777, Washington began his 
encampment on these hills. As I have already said. Valley 
Forge was well called the midnight of the Revolution. It 



20 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

was the ebb-tide ; there were doubting hearts — it was the 
time that tried the patriot's soul — and it was here that An- 
thony Wayne showed qualities that endears his memory to 
our hearts — qualities as indomnitable as he ever displayed 
on the field of battle. 

It was here that Anthony Wayne who loved action as the 
eagle loves the sun, in his heart fretted and suffered, but 
openingly cheered his soldiers; inspiring in them confidence; 
sending to Lancaster for shoes for his shoeless men, almost 
in despair writing to the President of the Council, praying 
for clothing and food for his freezing and starving men. 
Writing to the Secretary of War: — "I will provide for my 
poor fellows before I consult my own need." Going him- 
self to Mt. Joy and Lancaster, in his efforts to assist the badly 
managed and sadly deficient commissary department for 
the sake of his soldiers. Writing again to Mr. Peters, the 
Secretary of War, — "I would cheerfully agree to enter into 
action once every week in place of visiting the huts of my en- 
campment, which is my constant practice, where objects 
strike my eye whose wretched condition beggars all descrip- 
tion ; thousands of the men are sick." 

And yet with all the sympathies of his heart alert, he had 
the heavy duties of a soldier and officer. Here where we 
stand today the Pennsylvania Division was placed at the 
most advanced post on the outer line. Here where we stand 
it was their claim and their honor to have the most exposed 
position. And it was of this encampment that a great his- 
torian wrote : — "dearth was converted into famine and 
famine endured over the face of two live long months." 

History tells us that soldiers have often endured famine 
and intense sufferings when besieged in towns or surrounded 
by greater forces in mountain fastness. Never I believe in 
the history of war have soldiers, shoeless and clothless, en- 
dured famine so long without wholesale desertion in an open 
encampment. Washington and Wayne in their letters 
warned the Colonial Congress that unless some great and 
capitol change for the better took place in the management 
of the Commissary Department, the army must inevitably 
perish of starvation or disappear by whole-sale desertion. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 21 

and a great philosopher well and truly wrote that even 
Washington had not "adequately gauged the devotion of his 
soldiers to their country and their personal affection for 
him." Washington's heart bled for his young soldiers 
towards whom he felt as a father, but was powerless to succor 
in their distress, while in this darkest hour a powerful con- 
spiracy of officers planned Washington's downfall. Truly 
it was the darkest hour of the night, the lowest ebb of the 
tide. Truly it was midnight, and of all the illustrious deeds, 
civil and military, that have endeared Washington forever to 
his countrymen, the story told by the old iron master and 
Quaker preacher, as having happened at Valley Forge, is 
the most sacred. The Quaker tells us that strolling up Val- 
ley Creek, he saw Washington's horse tied to a tree, and that 
looking around for Washington he discovered the General 
in a thicket, on his knees in prayer with tears streaming down 
his cheeks, and the old Quaker immediately withdrew, "feel- 
ing that he was upon holy ground." Yes — it is holy ground 
— it should be held the holiest ground beneath the sun and 
stars to every true American. Authorities say that this pray- 
er was after Washington heard the news of the French Alli- 
ance. Was it a prayer of thankfulness, and were his tears, 
tears of joy? Had our incomparable Washington already 
seen the dawn of a better day? 

The snow covered the ground at Valley Forge during all 
that winter, and it was stained crimson by shoeless feet. It 
was Lafayette who told in pitying voice of having seen the 
legs of soldiers at Valley Forge all blackened by the frost, 
whose lives only could be saved by amputation. It was a Com- 
mittee of Congress, sent at Washington's demand, to Valley 
Forge to see for themselves, who reported a most signifi- 
cant fact, for they wrote that transportation was carried by 
the soldiers, who patiently yoked themselves to little carri- 
ages of their own workmanship. And there were eleven hos- 
pitals at Valley Forge, and the patients lay on the ground 
with nothing but their tattered clothes for a covering, and 
then it was that W'ayne wrote these words: — as bravely 
written as he could fight. "For my part T have but a single 
life to lose and T shall not think that worth saving at the ex- 
pense of my liberty or the liberty of my country." 



22 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

It requires no prophet to foresee that the day will come 
when Valley Forge will throughout this great Republic be 

recognized as a great National Park and these hills and vales 
the most sacred in our vast domain. 

I make no extravagant statement of Valley Forge when 1 
speak in this way. One of the most brilliant, painstaking, 
accurate and judicial historians who has written an account 
of our Revolutionary struggles is an Englishman, Sir George 
Otto Trevelyan. This Englishman " far across the sea," 
surely not prejudiced in our favor, wrote these words of the 
undying fame of the patriots who suffered and froze and 
starved and died here: ''That little village clustered at the 
bottom of a ravine gave a name to what as time goes on 
bids fair to be the most celebrated encampment in the 
world." Not the most cherished under the arch of the 
American sky — but the most famous in the world. 

Should the liberties of this great country ever be seriously 
menanced, which God forbid, should there ever be another 
midnight as deep as the midnight at Valley Forge, the re- 
memberance of the sufferings of our fathers here will be the 
rallying cry of the defenders of our beloved Republic in that 
day. 

To you, my fellow citizens, who surround me today, I can 
well say that the vision of this great work of a great Sculp- 
tor will stir the hearts of thousands of our land to a deeper 
love for their country, and will instill in the hearts of gener- 
ations yet to come a fixed determination that the principal of 
equal liberty and a equal chance, for which men starved and 
froze and died here, shall not be filched away in the night or 
lost in the open day. 

How often from this spot in the winter of 1777 and 1778, 
Wayne must have ridden forth and scaned the landscape to- 
wards Philadelphia, where Howe's army with plenty and in 
comfort was encamped. How often with a heavy heart be- 
cause of his sick and starving soldiers this fiery and intre- 
pid soldier from this vantage point must have watched the 
distant hills to guard against the approach of the enemy. 
How often ever alert after Paoli, he must have shared the 
sentinel's duty for his soldiers sake, not consulting his own 
need, but that of his "poor fellows," as he ever wrote. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 23 

It was this thought that the sculptor of this memorial to 
Wayne, has, with the light of genius, so happily given form. 

In designing' the statue of a soldier so vigorous, active and 
daring, the sculptor and artist had Valley Forge in mind. 
General Wayne was a man of fearless daring; he was also a 
man of vigilance; and vigilance was the watch word at Val- 
ley Forge. And in this embodiment of vigilance, by this 
sculptor, we behold Wayne. 

Vigilance walks with even step in the very forefront with 
bravery. It was the great Goethe who said in substance, "In 
this world it is necessary that man should not only fight for 
his liberty ; he must fight again and again to keep his liberty ; 
he must be vigilant for liberty." 

Valley Forge was not a place of charge and counter-charge 
but a field where eternal vigilance and care in the darkest 
hour of the darkest night, in the coldest day of that coldest 
winter, was an imperious necessity. It was the place where 
our fathers during long and weary months froze, and suffered 
and starved, and died for liberty — and for you and for me. 
Let us in gratitude keep their memory green. Let us guard 
as a sacred trust their heritage to us, this great and glorious 
Republic. 

And now, on behalf of the Commission to whom was given 
the duty of the erection of this statue to Major General An- 
thony Wayne — and at their request, I present to you. Gen- 
eral Stewart, representing the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
vania, — this Equestrian statue. 



24 Major (lateral Anthony Wayne. 



ADDRESS OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL 

THOMAS J. STEWART, ADJUTANT-GENERAL 

OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 



Mr. Chairman : I appreciate the honor that comes to me 
through being designated by His Excellency, the Governor 
of the Commonwealth, to represent and speak for him in the 
ceremonies incident to this important and patriotic occasion. 

Pennsylvania to-day pays tribute to a distinguished son 
and great soldier, and places upon her soil amid these his- 
toric hills, and upon this holy ground an enduring memorial 
to Major General Anthony Wayne. 

One hundred and thirty years ago, in the most critical and 
trying period of the long War of the Revolution, Anthony 
Wayne, by his great genius as a military chieftan, and his 
unswerving loyalty to the cause in which the colonies were 
engaged rendered most distinguished service to his country. 

As Pennsylvanians, proud of the Commonwealth, proud 
of the achievements of her sons, on the nation's fields of 
honor and of glory, venerating and loving the holy and 
patriotic memories that cluster 'round this place, we come to- 
day to extol the fame, bless the example, and commemorate 
the deeds not only of Wayne, but of all the soldiers and 
patriots who served and suffered here, who watching and 
waiting for liberty, by sublime devotion made forever memor- 
able the hills and fields of Valley Forge, and conferred ines- 
timable blessings on their race and time. 

Hard by is Brandywine and Paoli, Warren's Tavern and 
Germantown. Yonder is the old Gulph-road and the wind- 
ing Schuylkill, but here at Valley Forge is the altar where 
we worship, and here the Mecca towards which patriot hearts 
will ever turn, as long as the nation shall endure. As long 
as men honor patriotism and love liberty, the story of the 
heroism and sacrifice of Valley Forge — the deeds and the 
lives of the men who toiled and suffered here for freedom, 
will live in the hearts of mankind everywhere. 

You know the story. Some of you are decendants of the 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 2~> 

men of that patriot army. You know the story in the names, 
and lives, and deeds of the men who in their ragged regi- 
mentals, amid discouragement, hunger and want, such as no 
army ever experienced, yet remained true, loyal and constant 
in the now seemingly long ago. They waited here mid 
storm and cold, until the budding flowers that bloomed in 
spring time on winter waste seemed to presage relief from 
the icy grasp of tyranny and oppression. 

Round about us are the sanctuaries where they worship- 
ped, the firesides over which the sword and the flintlock and 
the powder horn hung in the years of victory and peace — 
the modest unpretentious homes in which the survivors of 
that mighty struggle lived. 

Round about us are the humble churchyards where rest 
in the "robings of glory" the sainted dead of the army -that 
camped here in that awful winter of 1777-78. These hills in 
time of trial were their refuge. These woods sheltered them, 
and it is our glorious privilege to stand to-day in the shadow 
of the hills that looked down on them and in this place, say 
that the sons of Pennsylvania, inspired by their example, 
nearly a century after they won their glory, helped to save 
the nation they helped to create, and on Pennsylvania soil 
poured their warm blood into the wasted veins, of a sorely 
stricken and wounded country. 

To another more able and gifted than me, is given the 
honor and the duty of portraying the worth, the daring and 
the genius of the hero whom we honor, and of voicing the 
love and veneration for his memory that wells up from every 
heart in this goodly assemblage. 

Generations of men have come and gone since he in mater- 
ial form rode these fields. Succeeding generations of men 
will be born and die, but this tribute to General Anthony 
Wayne, placed by the love and gratitude of the people of 
Pennsylvania, will remain. 

Here it will be companioned by these everlasting hills. It 
will be beautiful in the summer's sunlight and in the winter's 
mantle of snow, the purple shades of the evening glow will 
rest lovingly upon it, and the dust and gray of the years will 
but enhance its beauty. The music of the storm will recall 



2G Major General Anthony Wayne. 

the "revellie" and the roar of battle. The passer-by, and 
the visitor who rests within its shadow, will look upon it, and 
be inspired with a new love of country, and a deeper devotion 
to the institutions whose foundations were laid in the patriot- 
ism and cemented by the blood of the men of the Revolu- 
tion. 

Commissioned to act for Pennsylvania, within whose gates 
is the cradle of liberty and the cavalry of freedom, whose sons 
are still on duty, and whose oath and obligations are still to 
the Republic, I accept for Pennsylvania, this memorial to her 
great soldier and son, and take it within the keeping of a 
State, whose sons and daughters through all the years to be, 
will applaud his deeds, be inspired by his example, and feel 
the uplift of his patriotic devotion to his country. 

There is a beautiful legend which tells us that nightly at 
the witching hour the shadowy bugler of the Rhine takes his 
post and sounds the call that summons from their graves 
the host that followed the great Napoleon, and ans- 
wering the call, they come in companies, battalions, regi- 
ments, divisions and armies, and forming the column as of 
old, they pass again in grand review before their old com- 
mander, break ranks, and back to their graves again. If 
liberty's bugle blast were to be sounded again across these 
fields, what a host of shadowy forms would gather here, the 
great commander who prayed that the Lord of Hosts would 
confound his enemies, and give him wisdom and strength to 
lead a disheartened army and a struggling people to victory 
and peace. Lafayette the son of France, who baptized a new 
nation with his blood. Dekalb and Steuben, Greene, never 
off duty a day in all the struggle; Muhlenberg, who un- 
sheathed his sword in the Sanctuary, and told his people 
there was a time to fight and a time to pray. Knox, the 
skilled engineer and artillerist — officers of lesser rank but 
equal devotion — the men who followed the flag night and 
clay, and bent with years, come two who stood at Yorktown 
and lived to hear the news of the republic's second birth at 
Appamattox. How vast the concourse. How unmatched the 
throng. All present to do honor to the "Whirlwind of the 
Revolution," and join in the exultation of the hour. For 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 27 

those, and for all here, I voice the prayer that time and 
nature gently spare the memorial we place to-day to the hero, 
the soldier and the glorious son of Pennsylvania, Major 
General Anthony Wayne. 



2S Major (lateral Anthony Wayne. 



John Armstrong Herman, Esq., presiding: 

I have the honor of presenting a gentleman whose devo- 
tion to the development of the encampment at Valley Forge, 
as one of his great ambitions, and whose efficiency in that 
patriotic work was preeminent, and whose knowledge of local 
history is exhaustive, and whose fealty to the fair name of his 
beloved Commonwealth is as dear to him as his life itself, 
the Orator of the day, Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker. 

The Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker, LL. D., Gov- 
ernor of the Commonwealth 1903- 1907, addressing the 
chairman, the Sons of the Revolution and the ladies and 
gentlemen present, then delivered the following oration : 

ANTHONY WAYNE. 

"Egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis hanc pa- 
triam peperere suo, decorate supremis muneribus." 

At the close of the unsuccessful campaign of 1777, which 
had resulted in the capture, by the British under Sir William 
Howe, of Philadelphia, the capital city of the revolted colo- 
nies, Washington, in writing, requested the opinions of his 
generals as to what should be his military policy during the 
approaching winter. One of them, a brigadier, then thirty- 
two years of age, after making a full review of the situation, 
recommended for the army either a camp at Wilmington, "or 
hutting at the distance of about twenty miles west of Phila- 
delphia." The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, after a lapse 
of one hundred and thirty-one years, in the presence of the 
descendants of the men who fought the battles of the Revolu- 
tion, to-day erects this equestrian statue in bronze, in memory 
of him who so accurately forecasted, if he did not determine, 
the encampment at Valley Forge. She presents him to man- 
kind as a soldier who participated with honor and unusual 
eclat in nearly every important engagement from Canada in 
the north to Georgia in the south throughout that struggle, 
and as the capable general-in-chief of the army of the United 
States, who later amid vast difficulties, and in personal com- 
mand, brought to a successful result what has proven to be 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 29 

in its consequences one of the most momentous wars in which 
the country has ever been engaged. 

Anthony Wayne had other and earlier associations with 
the Valley Forge. Within four miles of this camp ground, 
in the township of Easttown, in the county of Chester, he 
was born, and from here in 1758 he hauled the hides bought 
by his father at the store in connection with the forge where 
the family of Potts hammered out their iron. 

His grandfather, Anthony Wayne, went from Yorkshire, 
in England, to Ireland, where he fought in the battle of the 
Boyne among the forces of William III, and he afterward 
emigrated to Pennsylvania. 

Isaac Wayne, the youngest son of the immigrant, was the 
owner of a large tract of land in Easttown, which he culti- 
vated and where he had a tannery, and he was beside much 
concerned in the political controversies of the time. The 
popular party, the opponents of the proprietary interests, 
elected him to the provincial Assembly for several terms. 
He had a bitter quarrel with Moore of Moore Hall, an old- 
time aristocrat and pet of the Governor, both Colonel and 
Judge, and he has the lasting distinction of being one of the 
characters portrayed in the Chronicles of Nathan Ben Saddi, 
1758, one of the brightest and most spirited bits of literature 
the American colonies produced. St. David's episcopal 
church at Radnor, an ancient shrine where Parson Currie 
preached and starved, sung about by poets and written about 
by historians, owed very much to his earnest and loyal sup- 
port. 

Anthony Wayne, son of Isaac, looming up before us to- 
day, was born January 1, 1745, and grew to young manhood 
upon his father's plantation of over five hundred acres, and 
about the tannery, traces of which still remain. He had the 
benefit of a somewhat desultory education received from an 
uncle living in the country, and he spent two years in Phila- 
delphia at the academy out of which arose the University of 
Pennsylvania. The bent of his mind even in boyhood was to 

This study was prepared mainly from original letters of Wayne and 
the other generals of the Revolution In the library of the historical 
Society of Pennsylvania. 



30 Major General Ant lion// Wayne. 

mathematics rather than to literature. At the time of the 
French and Indian war, wherein his father had served as a 
captain, he was at an age when startling events make their 
strongest and most lasting impressions, and in his sport he- 
discarded balls and marbles to construct intrenchments and 
engage in mimic battles. At the academy he studied survey- 
ing and determined to make that occupation the pursuit of his 
life. An elaborate and somewhat artistic survey of the town- 
ship of Vincent, in Chester County, made by him in 1774. is 
preserved in the library of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania, and his correspondence relating to military affairs is 
often illustrated with the plans which he drew. 

In 1765, when in his twenty-first year, in association with 
Matthew Clarkson ; John Hughes, the stamp collector; Wil- 
liam Smith, the creator of the university; William Moore 
of Moore Hall; Joseph Richardson, captain in the French 
and Indian war ; Benjamin Franklin ; Israel Jacobs, afterward 
a member of Congress ; and others of the leading men of the 
province, he participated in an effort to found a colony in 
Canada. One hundred thousand acres of land on the St. 
John's River and a tract of like extent on the Peticoodiac 
River were granted to them. A town was located, lots were 
sold, and settlers were transported. Wayne went to Canada 
with Benjamin Jacobs as the surveyor for the company, and 
spent the summers of 1765 and 1766 there, but the enterprise 
resulted in failure, and at the time of his death he still owned 
his proportion of these lands. To some extent his activities 
found expression in a civil career. In several of the conven- 
tions which took the preliminary steps leading up to the Rev- 
olutionary War, he as a delegate bore an active part; in 1775 
he was a member of the Committee of Safety ; for three years 
he sat in the Assembly, and he was a member of the Council 
of Censors, and of the Pennsylvania Convention which rati- 
fied the Constitution of the United States. These publ : ~ 
services, important as they may have been, were only inci- 
dental and subsidiary in determining the value of the labors 
of his life. 

With the first breath of the coming war blowing from the 
northward in 1775, the instincts of the soldier plunged him 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 31 

into the field and he organized a regiment of "minute men" 
in Chester County. 

On the 4th of January, 1776, he was appointed Colonel 
of the Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment. This regiment, to- 
gether with the Second and Sixth, was formed into a brigade 
under the command of General Wm. Thompson, and hur- 
ried away to Canada. Montgomery had been killed, Arnold 
had been defeated in an assault upon Quebec, and that army 
badly needed help. The forces from far away Pennsylvania 
reached them on the fifth of June at the mouth of the Sorel, 
between Quebec and Montreal, whither they had retreated. 
Sullivan, who was in command, a week later ordered Thomp- 
son with fourteen hundred and fifty men, all of them Penn- 
sylvanians except a battalion from New Jersey under Max- 
well, to attack a force of British estimated to be four hundred 
strong, at True: Rivers, forty-seven miles down the St. Law- 
rence. Instead of being a surprise, as had been expected, the 
effort resulted in an encounter with three thousand men un- 
der Burgoyne. After a march of nine miles through a swamp 
under fire from the boats in the river, with Wayne in the ad- 
vance, the gallant troops pushed their way up to the breast- 
works of the enemy, before unknown, and then were com- 
pelled to retreat. Thompson, Irvine and other officers had 
been captured ; three hundred and fifty men had 
been lost, but Anthony Wayne had fought his first battle and 
received the first of many wounds, and they had "saved the 
army in Canada." Two days later he wrote cheerily "our 
people are in high spirits and long for another bout." Never- 
theless the army was in full retreat to Ticonderoga, and 
already Wayne, left in command of the Pennsylvania troops, 
had found the place of danger. Wilkinson tells that Allen 
said to him, "Colonel Wayne is in the rear," and if anybody 
could render assistance, "he is the man," that he found "the 
gallant soldier as much at his ease as if he were marching to 
a parade at exercise," and that when mistaken for the enemy 
by Sullivan, he "pulled out his glass and seemed to enjoy the 
panic." 

Already he had made his mark. On the 18th of Novem- 
ber, General Schuyler gave him the command of Fort Ticon- 
deroga, at that time, since the British had in view a separa- 



32 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

tion of the country by an advance from Canada, one of the 
most important of our military posts, and placed him at the 
head of a force of twenty-five hundred men. "It was my 
business," he says in one of his letters, "to prevent a junction 
of the enemy's armies and * * * * to keep at bay their 
whole Canadian force." 

He remained at Ticonderoga until April 12th, 1777. His 
stay there covered that depressing- period of the war prior to 
the battle of Trenton, during which Washington was defeat- 
ed at Long Island, three thousand men were lost with Fort 
Washington, and the main army, its officers retiring and its 
rank and file deserting, was threatened with entire disinteg- 
ration. Difficulties accumulated around him. The terms of 
service of his soldiers expired, and to fill their places became 
almost impossible. Some of the soldiers, who came into 
camp from the eastern states, on one occasion deserted the 
same night. Recruiting officers from the same part of the 
country were endeavoring to secure enlistments even in his 
own regiment. He was holding men three weeks after their 
terms of service were ended. Hearing that a company, 
claiming their enlistments to have expired the month before, 
were on the march for home, he halted them and called for 
their leader. A sergeant stepped to the front. "I presented 
a pistol to his breast. He fell on his knees to beg his life. 
I then ordered the whole to ground their arms," and they 
obeyed. A certain Josiah Holliday endeavored again to in- 
cite them to mutiny, whereupon Wayne "thought proper to 
chastise him for his insolence on the spot, before the men," 
or as Holliday himself puts it, did "shamefully beat and abuse 
him." The captain interfered and was placed under arrest 
for abetting a mutiny. 

The garrison had dwindled in numbers and one-third of 
them were negroes, Indians and children. The enemy were 
threatening his own home in distant Chester County, and the 
only comfort he could give his wife "Polly," the daughter of 
Bartholomew Penrose, was to tell her: "Should you be ne- 
cessitated to leave Easttown, I doubt not but you'll meet 
with hospitality in the back parts of the Province," and yet 
never for an instant did he falter. He had studied the cam- 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 33 

paigns of Caesar and Marshal Saxe, and he believed that too 
much attention was given to forming lines and too little to 
disciplining and manoeuvring; that "the only good lines are 
those nature made," and that American liberty would never 
be established until the army learned "to beat the English 
Rebels in the field." He constructed an abattis around the 
fort, octagons upon the top of an adjacent mount, built two 
new block-houses to render the station tenable and secure, 
and then he wrote to Schuyler asking to be sent to the south 
in order to meet "those Sons of War and rapine face to face 
and man to man." He added: "These worthy fellows (his 
Pennsylvania comrades) are second to none in courage. I 
have seen them proved and I know they are not far behind 
any regulars in point of discipline. Such troops actuated by 
principle, and fixed with just resentment, must be an accept- 
able and perhaps seasonable reenforcement to General Wash- 
ington at this critical juncture." 

He received a commission as brigadier general February 
21, 1777, and two months later Washington, then in New 
Jersey, wrote to him, "Your presence here will be materially 
wanted." For nearly a year he had successfully maintained 
the post at Ticonderoga, which was surrendered almost as 
soon as he had departed, and had confronted the proposed 
advance of the army under Burgoyne, and now after "the 
charming Miss Schuyler" had made him a new cockade, he 
hastened to Morristown to take command of the Pennsyl- 
vania line in the army of Washington. Just as within the 
memories of some of us, who are here present, Pennsylvania 
during the War of the Rebellion, alone of all the States, had 
an entire division in the service, known as the Pennsylvania 
Reserves, in like manner there were in the Continental ser- 
vice throughout the War of the Revolution, thirteen regi- 
ments, distinguished for their gallantry and efficiency in the 
many battles of that sanguinary struggle, which came from 
the same state, and were united into two divisions, designat- 
ed as the Pennsylvania line. Eight of these regiments were 
placed under the command of Wayne. Washington was 
then encamped on the heights of Middlebrook, whence he 
could look toward the Hudson on the one side and the Dela- 
3 



34 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

ware on the other, should Howe show a disposition to move 
in either direction. He needed a general, active, alert and 
intelligent, with a force upon which dependence could be 
placed to cover the stretch of country between West Point 
and Philadelphia. He sent for Wayne and posted him in 
front, giving- him charge of the pass on the most important 
road leading to and from the camp. Within three weeks an 
opportunity arose. A detachment of the British army ad- 
vanced as far as Brunswick. Wayne made an attack upon 
these forces on the second of May, and after pushing them 
from one redoubt to another, finally drove them within their 
lines at Amboy. He reported to the Board of War: "The 
conduct of the Pennsylvanians the other day in forcing Gen- 
eral Grant to retire with circumstances of shame and disgrace 
into the very lines of the enemy, has gained them the esteem 
of his excellency," and Benjamin Rush wrote: "The public 
have done you justice for your gallant behavior in checking 
the prowess of Mr. Grant.'' The brave soldiers who achiev- 
ed this success and were so praised for their efforts had never 
received any uniforms except hunting shirts, which were then 
worn out, but it is a comfort to know that about this time 
Sally Peters sent to Wayne by wagon, "a jar of pickled 
oysters," and he was enabled to buy three gallons and five 
quarts of Madeira wine. Graydon, who sought the camp, 
tells us that he "entertained a most sovereign contempt for 
the enemy," but that he, who had been accustomed to appear 
in exemplary neatness of apparel, was now dressed "in a 
dingy red coat, a black, rusty cravat, and tarnished lace hat." 
Only dire necessity could have caused the condition of his 
attire, for he still maintained that "pride in a soldier is a sub- 
stitute for almost every other virtue." 

At last Howe, who had been waiting in the vain hope that 
Washington would cease clinging to the heights and w r ould 
make the blunder of coming down on to the plain to fight 
him, determined upon an aggressive policy. On the twenty- 
fourth of July, Washington wrote to Wayne, "The fleet have 
just gone out of the Hook, and as Delaware appears to be 
the most probable destination, I desire you will leave your 
brigade, go to Chester and organize the militia of Pennsyl- 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. :;r> 

vania." He gathered them together into three brigades, 
probably three thousand in number, since one of them had 
thirteen hundred and fifty-six men, and put them under the 
command of John Armstrong, the hero of the famous 1 tattle 
and victory over the Indians at Kittanning in 1756. "Time at 
last sets all things even," and a descendant of Armstrong is 
here to-day, one of the Commissioners charged with the duly 
of erecting this statue. The celebrated Elizabeth Graeme, 
whom Aunt Gainor, in "Hugh Wynne," called "That cat 
Bessie Ferguson," scratched at him after this fashion : "Two 
suttlers in the rear of your division inticed my slave with 
them, with my wagon and two very fine oxen * * * the 
heat of the weather and the violent manner the poor beasts 
were drove occasioned one of them to drop down dead." 

He wanted to see his family, from whom he had long been 
separated — they were now not very distant — but an early 
battle was anticipated, and he had been peremptorily forbid- 
den by Washington to leave the army and ordered to hasten 
at the head of his division to Wilmington. The duties of 
three generals were imposed upon him. and yet his thought 
not limited to their performance was busy with plans for the 
campaign. He feared the enemy might reach the city by 
the fords near the Falls of Schuylkill, and in order to prevent 
such a contingency proposed to march forward and give 
them battle. On the. second of September he recommended 
to Washington that three thousand of the best armed and 
disciplined troops make a regular and vigorous assault on 
one of the flanks of the enemy, trusting to surprise for suc- 
cess, and added : "I wish to be of the number assigned for 
this business." The suggestion was not adopted, but a week- 
later Howe pursued precisely this plan at Brandywine and 
won a decided victory. In that memorable engagement, 
Wayne, with his division, was on the left upon the east bank 
of the Brandywine where Chad's Ford offered a means of 
crossing the creek. Throughout the entire day he maintain- 
ed his position, preventing the advance of Knyphausen, and 
occasionally sending detachments to the opposite shore, but 
the right wing under Sullivan and Greene had been turned 
and crushed, and at sunset, finding that he was becoming 



36 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

enmeshed between Howe on the front and the fortunate 
Cornwallis in the rear, he in good order retired. The stead- 
fastness on the left saved the right from entire destruction. 

On the eighteenth, Washington, then at Reading Furnace, 
on the French Creek, in Chester County, and expecting to 
cross the Schuylkill River, determined to detach a part of his 
forces to harass the rear of the enemy while he, with the main 
army, should defend the fords. Such a plan necessarily in- 
volved the separation of the army with a river between, the 
close proximity of the harassing force to the enemy, and the 
danger of an attack upon this force by overwhelming num- 
bers. That such risks were not unrecognized is shown by 
the letter of Washington written from Pott's Grove, Septem- 
ber 23rd, before he had learned of the affair at Paoli, recall- 
ing the order and saying: "Should we continue detached 
and in a divided state I fear we shall neither be able to attack 
or defend ourselves." However, he selected Wayne for this 
dangerous service, gave him twelve to fifteen hundred men, 
and wrote to him on the eighteenth : "I must call your ut- 
most exertion in fitting yourselves in the best manner you 
can for following and harrassing their rear," and saying fur- 
ther: "The army here is so much fatigued that it is impossi- 
ble I should move them this afternoon." Evidently anxious, 
he the same day recites : "Having wrote twice to you 
already to move forward." Celerity and secrecy were both 
necessary for the success of such a venture. Unhappily these 
two letters referred to had fallen into the hands of the enemy. 
This fact alone would have been fatal. Wayne, being in- 
formed that the British were about to march for the Schuyl- 
kill on the twenty-first, took a position on the high ground 
near Paoli, within four miles of the enemy, and there he es- 
tablished six pickets and a horse picket to patrol the road. 
At eleven o'clock on the night of the twentieth, General 
Grey, with a much superior force, attacked him. He held 
the ground for an hour and saved his artillery, but lost one 
hundred and fifty men killed and wounded and had met with 
the only defeat of his career. A court-martial called at his 
request found that he deserved the "highest honor" as "an 
active, brave and vigilant officer." Rumor ran through the 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. '-U 

neighborhood that he had been killed, that he had been taken 
prisoner, and that his life had been saved through his hurry 
in putting on his coat with the red lining outside. That 
same night a squad of British marched to his house, thrust 
their bayonets into a huge boxwood bush that still grows and 
thrives in the yard, "but behaved with the utmost politeness 
to the women." 

Not in the least daunted, at the council of war attended 
by twenty generals, held before Germantown at Penny- 
packer's Mills on the twenty-ninth, he, with four others, was 
in favor of again giving battle. There can be little doubt 
that the spirit he displayed at this time, as upon every other 
occasion, had its effect upon his companions and was influ- 
ential in bringing about that change to a more aggressive 
policy whi:h kd to the results at Germantown, Monmouth 
and Yorktown. "The enemy's being in possession of Phila- 
delphia," he said, "is of no more consequence than their being 
in possession of the City of New York or Boston." On the 
eve of Germantown he wrote : "I have the most happy pres- 
age of entering Philadelphia at the head of troops covered 
with laurels before the close of the day." The value of such 
vitality to a defeated army at the close of a lost campaign 
cannot be overestimated. 

At Germantown his division encountered and attacked the 
right wing of the British army to the east of the town, 
charged with bayonets, crying out for "Paoli and revenge," 
put the enemy to rout and pursued them for three miles, kill- 
ing with little mercy those who were overcome. On the re- 
treat of the Americans, after the check at the Chew House 
and the confusion caused by the fog, he was in the rear and 
with cannon and musketry brought to an end Howe's at- 
tempted pursuit. The British General Hunter, in his his- 
tory, records: "General Wayne commanded the advance. 
* * * Had we not retreated at the time we did, we 
should all have been taken or killed. * * * But this was 
the first time we had ever retreated from the Americans," 
and he asserts that Howe, swept by passion, shouted. "For 
shame * * * I never saw you retreat before." but the 
rattle of grape through the limbs of a chestnut tree under 



38 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

which he stood convinced him, also, of the necessity. 
Wayne's theory that the liberty of America would he secured 
when the British were taught respect upon the field of battle, 
was taking a concrete form. At eight o'clock that night, 
apparently unwearied by the great exertions of the day, he 
wrote to Washington, hoping for "their total defeat the next 
tryal, which I wish to see brought to issue the soonest possi- 
ble." Two days later he wrote from Pennypacker's Mills a 
long letter to his wife, as remarkable as it was characteristic. 
He gave in detail the military movements of the battle, which 
evidently absorbed his thought. There was, nevertheless, 
one series of incidents, of minor importance no doubt to him 
if not to her, which had been overlooked. They suddenly 
occurred to him as he closed. "I had forgotten to mention 
that my roan horse was killed under me within a few yards 
of the enemy's front, * * * and my left foot a little 
bruised by one of their cannon shot. * * * I had a 
slight touch on my left hand. * * * It was a glorious 
day." ; : 

On the twenty-seventh of October, in response to a query 
from Washington as to whether it would be prudent to at- 
tempt to dislodge the enemy, he recommended that an imme- 
diate attack be made, and he advanced as reasons for 
his opinion that the ground w 7 as not disadvantageous, that 
the shipping in the river could assist, that in the event of fail- 
ure they had a stretch of open country to which to retire, that 
if no attempt were made the forts on the Delaware must fall, 
affording the enemy comfortable quarters, and finally that 
the Americans would be forced from the field, or lose more 
by sickness and desertion in a naked, discontented army than 
in an action. The subsequent evacuation of Fort Mifflin, 
with loss of control of the Delaware, and the experiences at 
Valley Forge seemed to justify at least some of his conclus- 
ions. Fort Mifflin on the west bank of the Delaware had 
been besieged for six w r eeks, the British had erected works 
on Province Island, near enough to threaten the fort, when 
Wayne was ordered with his division and the corps of Mor- 
gan to "storm the enemy's lines, spike their cannon, and ruin 
their works." Wayne gladly undertook the difficult and 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 39 

dangerous task, but the day before the effort was to have 
been made the fort was abandoned. Another council of 
war was held November the twenty-fourth and the same 
question broached. Wayne was decided in his view that the 
credit of the army, the safety of the country, the honor of 
American arms, the approach of winter, and the depreciation 
of the currency made it necessary to give battle to the 
enemy, and he advised that the army march the next morning 
to the upper end of Germantown. He admitted the hazard 
and the undoubted loss of life, but believed that the bold 
course would prove to be the most effective. 

His life at Valley Forge, where his division occupied the 
centre of the outer line, was an unceasing struggle to secure 
recruits and sufficient arms to equip and clothing to cover 
his soldiers. Nearly all of the deaths and desertions, he says, 
were due to nakedness and dirt. He did not want rifles, but 
muskets with bayonets, believing that the mere consciousness 
of the possession of a bayonet gave a sense of security, and 
that without being used it was an element of safety. Pro- 
visions grew to be scarce and he was sent with five hundred 
and fifty men to the agricultural regions of New Jersey to 
collect cattle for the army. On one occasion he sent to the 
camp one hundred and fifty cattle and thirty horses. With 
the British, who crossed the Delaware from Philadelphia up- 
on a like errand, he, and Count Pulaski at the head of fifty 
horses, had a combat of some severity in the neighborhood 
of Haddonfield, and another at Cooper's ferry. Not only 
did he succeed in feeding the army, but his energetic move- 
ments became the subject of a ribald poem, entitled, "The 
Cow Chase," written by John Andre, the vivacious adjutant 
general of the British army, in which to some extent the 
author foreshadowed his own unhappy fate, should he fall 
into the hands of Wayne. 

On the return of Wayne to the camp at Valley Forge he. 
on the twenty-first of April, t;;8, again urged upon Wash- 
ington that "many reasons, in my humble opinion, both po- 
litical and prudential, point to the expediency of putting the 
enemy on the defensive." He recommended making an ef- 
fort aeainst Howe or New York, saying, "Whatever part 



4(1 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

may be assigned to me, I shall always, and at all times, be 
ready to serve you." Ere long his wish was gratified. The 
British, fearing a blockade of the Delaware river by the 
French Meet, were about to evacuate Philadelphia. Again 
Washington called a council of war. The advice of Wayne 
was "that the whole of the army be put in motion the soonest 
possible for some of the ferries on the Delaware above Trent 
Town, so as to be ready to act as soon as the enemy's move- 
ment shall be ascertained," and then if the North River 
should prove to be their objective point "take the first favor- 
able opportunity to make a vigorous and serious attack." 
Manifestly his earnestness of purpose was having its effect, 
since this was the course a few days afterward pursued. 

At another council of war held on the twenty-fourth of 
June, Wayne and Cadwalader, the two Pennsylvanians alone, 
supported to some extent by Lafayette and Greene, declared 
in favor of active and aggressive measures. On this occasion 
Wayne had his way, and two days afterward the two armies 
were within a few miles of each other and about to come into 
contact. Washington determined to attack the rear guard 
of the enemy, which was protecting the baggage train, and 
sent General Charles Lee, with five thousand men, among 
whom was Wayne, five miles in advance with this purpose in 
view. I*ee ordered Wayne, telling him that his was the post 
of honor, to lead the advance, and with seven hundred men 
to assail the left rear of the British. Before, however, this 
movement could be accomplished, they assumed the aggres- 
sive. A charge by Simcoe's Rangers upon Butler's Pennsyl- 
vania regiment was repulsed, but reinforcements in great 
numbers came to their assistance. At this time, while Wayne 
was engaged in a desperate struggle, the heart of Lee failed 
him, and he marched his men not forward in support, but 
about face to the rear. His excuse was that the temerity of 
Wayne had brought upon him "the whole flower of the Brit- 
ish Army, Grenadiers, light infantry, cavalry and artillery, 
amounting in all to seven thousand men." Washington, 
meeting Lee in retreat, in anger assumed command and or- 
dered Wayne, who to avoid capture had been compelled to 
follow, to take Craig's Third Pennsylvania, Irvine's Seventh 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 41 

Pennsylvania, Stewart's Thirteenth Pennsylvania, a Maryland 
regiment and a regiment from Virginia and check the pur- 
suit. Holding a position in an orchard, between two hills 
near the parsonage of Monmouth, they repelled two deter- 
mined onsets and gained time for the occupation of the high 
ground by the forces sent to the front by Washington. Fi- 
nally Colonel Henry Monckton, brother of Lord Galway, 
after a brief speech appealing to the pride, and calling atten- 
tion to the brilliant services of the British Guards, led them 
forward in a bayonet charge, with impetuous fury, against 
the troops of Wayne. They were unable to withstand the 
withering fire they encountered and, driven back in confus- 
ion, left the dead body of the Colonel on the field. Other 
efforts were continued for more than an hour, but in vain. 
The elite of the British Army and the ragged Continentals 
from the huts of Valley Forge had met upon the plains of 
Monmouth and the fame of the deeds of Anthony Wayne was 
nevermore to fade from the memories of men. "Pennsyl- 
vania showed the road to victory" was the expression of what 
was probably his keenest gratification. "I cannot forbear 
mentioning Brigadier General Wayne, whose conduct and 
bravery through the whole action deserves particular com- 
mendation," was the stately and subdued comment of George 
Washington. Later a duel with Lee, which these events 
threatened, was happily averted. 

After the exertions of Monmouth there was a long lull in 
military activities. The British held possession of New 
York, and the army of Washington, stretched across New 
Jersey, kept watch upon their movements. Throughout this 
period of inaction the difficulties of the Continental Army in 
maintaining the numbers of the rank and file, in supplying 
them with pay, arms, clothing and provisions, in arranging 
the grades of the officers, were serious and so continuous as 
to become chronic. On the fifth of October, 1778, Wayne 
wrote to Robert Morris: "By the first of January we shall 
have more Continental troops in the field than any other 
State in the whole Confederacy, but not as many general of- 
ficers." At this time Pennsylvania had two brigades with 
the main army, three hundred men with Colonel Butler on 



Ii' Major General Anthony Wayne. 

the Mohawk, three hundred men with Colonel Brodhead at 
Pittsburg, and a regiment with Colonel Hartley at Sunbury. 
The service, according to Wayne, promised nothing "but in- 
digence and want." The pay had become a mere vox et 
praeterea nihil. The Clothier General of the army refused 
to furnish them with clothing, giving as a reason that un- 
like the other States, they had their own state clothier. 
When his men burned some fences to keep themselves warm, 
Scamell, the aide to Lord Stirling, proceeded to read him a 
lecture. "In case he (the Major General) is obliged to re- 
peat the orders again, he shall be under the disagreeable ne- 
cessity of pointing out the Pennsylvania troops in particu- 
lar," said Scamell in a reflected lordly fashion. Wayne, en- 
tirely a!ble to hold his own, and ever ready to support his 
troops, replied: "During the very severe storm from Christ- 
mas to New Year's, whilst our people lay without any cover 
except their old tents, and when the drifting of snow pre- 
vented the green wood from taking fire," yes, they burned 
some rails, but fifty men had first been frostbitten. The 
other troops "were either cooped in huts or cantoned in 
houses. * * * It is not new to the Pennsylvanians to be 
taken notice of in general orders." It was always his effort 
to keep them "well and comfortable," and no commander 
ever had more trustful and devoted followers. 

When Doctor Jones sent to him a bear skin, he was de- 
lighted. Occasionally his thoughts wandered toward his 
home. To Polly he sent "A tierce of beer, some rock fish 
and oysters with a little good fresh beef," saying, "I would 
advise you to make immediate use of the fish." Again he 
wrote to her, "I am not a little anxious about the education 
of our girl and boy. It is full time that Peggy should be put 
to the dancing school. How does she improve in her writ- 
ing and reading? Does Isaac take learning freely? Has he 
become fond of school ? 

Though Wayne had long with the greatest measure of suc- 
cess commanded a division, his rank and pay were only those 
of a brigadier, and he never throughout the Revolution re- 
ceived the advancement to which his services were entitled. 
Skill in securing recognition and compensation is an art in 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 43 

itself often quite apart from those qualities which accomplish 
great achievements. The man who is really intent upon his 
work often forgets the reward. And now his superior, St. 
Clair, that unfortunate general who had surrendered Ticon- 
deroga, and who for some occult reason appears to have ever 
been a favorite with those in authority, came to take charge 
of the Pennsylvania line. Wayne, after having been promis- 
ed command of the Light Infantry soon to be organized, and 
bearing with him the written and eager statement of his 
colonels, Harmar, Stewart and the rest, that his recent effort 
had "riveted the hearts of all ranks more firmly" to him and 
had rendered his "name more dear to the whole line," re- 
turned to Pennsylvania. His rest was not for long. Wash- 
ington pondered over the possibilities of a desperate deed of 
"derring-doe" requiring military intelligence and personal 
courage of the highest character, and in its consideration in 
all probability weighed the qualities of every general then in 
the field with him. One day, June 24th, 1779, Wayne was 
in Philadelphia on his way to greet his family at Easttown, 
when a post rider gave him a despatch from Washington 
with the suggestive words: "I request that you join the 
army as soon as you can." Polly must forego the greeting 
and be left to her loneliness, and it meant a long farewell. 

Stony Point, a rugged promontory covered with rock and 
wood extending into the Hudson River for half a mile from 
the western shore line and rising to a height of one hundred 
and fifty feet, stood "like a solitary sentinel, ever keeping 
watch and ward over the gateway of the Highlands. Bend- 
ing around its western base, and separating it from the main- 
land, a marsh sometimes to the depth of two feet crept from 
an entrance in the river to the north to an outlet in the river 
to the south. An island fortress likened often in its strength 
and conformation to Gibraltar, it seemed to present insur- 
mountable obstacles to any attacking force and with quiet 
and sardonic frown to threaten destruction. Upon the sum- 
mit the British had erected a series of redoubts and had 
placed seven or eight disconnected batteries, while immedia- 
tely below them an abattis extended the entire length of the 
crest. Within this fortification were four companies of the 



44 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

Seventeenth Regiment of Infantry, one company of Ameri- 
can tories and a detachment of the Royal Artillery. About 
one-third of the way down the hill from the summit ran a 
second line of abattis, supported by three redoubts, on which 
were brass twelve-pound cannon defended by two companies 
of the Seventeenth Regiment and two companies of Grena- 
diers. At the foot of the hill near the morass were five 
pickets, and the British vessels of war, which rode in the 
river, were able to sweep with their guns the low ground of 
the approaches. Four brass and four iron cannon, one 
howitzer and five mortars, amply supplied with ammunition, 
were at the service of the garrison, which consisted of over 
six hundred of the best disciplined and most trustworthy 
troops of the British army," commanded by a capable and 
gallant officer. At half after eleven o'clock on the night of 
July 15th, 1779, thirteen hundred and fifty men with bay- 
onets fixed, and likewise "fresh shaved and well powdered," 
were waiting with Anthony Wayne on the farther side of the 
marsh to storm this formidable fortification. It was a most 
difficult undertaking, and the entire responsibility for the 
plan to be pursued, and the time and manner of carrying it 
out, rested upon Wayne. "So soon as you have fixed your 
plan and the time of execution I shall be obliged to you to 
give me notice," Washington wrote to him on the tenth of 
July, to which Wayne replied on the fourteenth, "I shall do 
myself the honor to enclose you the plan and disposition to- 
morrow." He determined upon an assault by two columns, 
one on the right and one on the left, each to consist of one 
hundred and fifty men with arms unloaded, depending solely 
upon their bayonets, each preceded at the distance of sixty 
feet by a "forlorn hope," consisting of an officer and twenty 
men, while a force in the centre were to attract attention by 
a fire of musketry, but to make only a simulated attack. 
Never in the whole history of mankind has there occurred a 
situation which gives more forcibly the impression of abso- 
lute solemnity— the silence — the stern resolution of the mus- 
ket grip — the morass in front, with its hidden uncertainties 
— the dangers and hopes that lay beyond on the threatening 
mount, and the deep darkness of the midnight. Wayne 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 45 

made his preparations for death. At eleven o'clock he sent 
certain roughly drawn papers to his dearest friend. "This 
will not meet your eye until the writer is no more. * * * 
1 know that friendship will induce you to attend to the edu- 
cation of my little son and daughter. I fear that their 
mother will not survive this stroke. Do go to her * * * 
I am called to sup, but where to breakfast either within the 
enemy's lines in triumph or in the other world," were some 
of the utterances wrung from a burdened soul. On the way 
up the mount, just beyond the first abattis, he was struck 
by a ball which cut a gash two inches in length across his 
face and head, and felled him senseless to the ground. It 
was no light wound. Long afterward he was weak from the 
loss of blood which streamed over him. Three weeks later 
his mental faculties were still benumbed. Six weeks later it 
was yet unhealed. As soon as he regained consciousness 
he called aloud : "Lead me forward * * * Let me die 
in the fort," but continued to direct the movements with the 
point of his spear. In a few moments the words which he 
had adopted as a signal, "The fort's our own," rang over the 
parapet; at two o'clock in the morning Wayne sent a de- 
spatch to Washington almost as laconic as the message of 
Caesar: "The fort and garrison, with Colonel Johnston, are 
ours. Our officers and men behaved like men determined 
to be free" ; of the twenty-one men in the forlorn hope led 
by Lieutenant James Gibbons, of Philadelphia, seventeen had 
been shot ; and a valorous feat of arms, unequalled in Amer- 
ican annals, either before or since, ending in brilliant success, 
had caught the attention of the entire world to hold it for- 
evermore. 

At that time the laws of war permitted a garrison taken 
by storm to be put to the sword, and memory recalls more 
than one British victory in that and later wars stained with 
such cruelty. It is a great glory of Stony Point that no poor 
wretch cried for mercy in vain, and that all who submitted 
were saved. As an achievement, more important than 
the capture of a stronghold and the exhibition of valor and 
military skill was the fact that it created confidence and self- 
respect, and aroused a sense of state and national pride, pub- 



4G Major General Anthony Wayne. 

lie virtues as much needed then as they are to-day. The 
calm Washington in a despatch to Congress said that the 
conduct of Wayne "through the whole of this arduous enter- 
prise merits the warmest approbation," and the more impul- 
sive Greene declared that the event would "immortalize 
General Wayne" as it would do honor to the first general in 
Europe. Gerard the French minister, wrote: "The most 
rare qualities were found united;" John Jay, "You have 
nobly reaped laurels in the cause of your country and in the 
fields of danger and death;" Sharp Delaney, "At a Town 
Meeting yesterday you had all our hats and hands in repeated 
acclamation;" Benjamin Rush, "Our streets for many days 
rung with nothing but the name of General Wayne;" Col- 
onel Spotswood, of Virginia, 'The greatest stroke that has 
been struck this war;" General Adam Stephen, "You have 
added dignity to the American arms and acquired immortal 
renown;" Colonel Sherman, that his name would "be coeval 
with the annals of American history." Lafayette, that it was 
a "Glorious affair;" Steuben, "This gallant action would fix 
the character of the commanding officer in any part of the 
world;" General Lee, "I do most sincerely declare that your 
action in the assault on Stony Point is not only the most 
brilliant in my opinion through the whole course of this war 
on either side, but that it is one of the most brilliant I am 
acquainted with in history," and the English commodore, 
George Collier, that "The rebels had made the attack with 
a bravery they never before exhibited and they showed at 
the moment a generosity and clemency which during the 
course of the rebellion had no parallel." The poet sang: 

"Each soldier darts amain 
And every youth with ardor burns 
To emulate our Wayne." 

The Assembly of Pennsylvania and the Supreme Execu- 
tive Council passed resolutions thanking Wayne and the 
'Pennsylvania line for "the honor they have reflected on the 
State to which they belong," and Congress, praising his 
"brave, prudent and soldier like conduct," ordered a gold 
medal to be presented to him, to be made in France under 
the supervision of Dr. Franklin. In the very nature of 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 47 

things such an event could not occur without producing an 
effect upon the relations of Wayne to the other officers of the 
army, in some instances enhancing their esteem and in 
others, it is to be feared, arousing their envy, and without in- 
fluencing his personal fortunes. He turned sharply upon 
Return Jonathan Meigs, of Connecticut, with : "I don't wish 
to incur any gentleman's displeasure. I put up with no 
man's insults." Twice within the next six weeks Washing- 
ton dined with. him and referring to a recent incident in the 
conduct of military affairs, paid him this high compliment: 
"I had resolved to attempt the same enterprise, to be ex- 
ecuted in the same manner you mention." The minds of 
the two men had come to be in an entire accord. About the 
same time he ordered : "One pair of elegant gold epaulets, 
superfine buff sufficient to face two uniform coats, with hair 
and silk, four dozen best yellow gilt coat buttons, plain and 
buff color lining suitable to the facing of one coat." 

There was an officer in the army holding the high rank of a 
major general for whom Wayne had long held an uncon- 
cealed hostility, and whose conduct he viewed with suspicion. 
"I ever entertained the most despicable opinion of his abili- 
ties." "He had neither fortitude or personal courage other 
than what the bowl or glass supplied," were the comments 
of Wayne. At Morristown the officers of the Pennsylvania 
line had refused to serve under his command. After this 
officer, Benedict Arnold, of Connecticut, had in 1780 planned 
to give possession of West Point to the enemy and the corn- 
plot with Clinton had been discovered, while it was still un- 
certain how far the treason had extended and whether it 
might not be successful, Washington ordered the Pennsyl- 
vania line to the place of danger and gave them charge of 
that post. The first and second brigades marched from Tap- 
pan at the instant that the order came, leaving their tents 
standing, without taking time to call in their guards and de- 
tachments, and hastened to seize the pass at Smith's White 
House, where they could dispute the advance of the enemy 
or retire to West Point as the situation demanded. Wayne, 
with the rest of the line, taking care to see that no more of 
the enemy passed up the river, seized the pass at Storms, 



48 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

from which a road in their rear ran to West Point, over which 
he could move rapidly and send the artillery and baggage. 
The order was received at one o'clock in the morning. At 
two they were on the march. It was a dark night, but with- 
out a halt they pushed ahead over the mountains "sixteen 
miles in four hours," and by sunrise were holding the passes. 
Washington in joyful surprise ejaculating "All is safe and I 
again am happy/' went to bed after a long and uneasy 
watch. 

A few months later occurred the emeute which the writers 
of books have strangely been pleased to call "the revolt of the 
Pennsylvania line." In the latter part of 1780 the line had 
under arms two thousand and five men and they constituted, 
according to Dr. Stille, as nearly as may be, two-thirds of the 
entire army. According to an estimate of Washington, they 
were one-third of his forces, and he said the army was 
"dwindling into nothing," and that the officers, as well as 
the men, were renouncing the service. Within nine months 
one hundred and sixty-eight officers, including, however, 
only one from Pennsylvania, had resigned. It is altogether 
plain that in one way or another, for some reason about 
which it is unnecessary to inquire, in the main the troops 
from the other colonies had returned to their homes. 

It was of the utmost importance for the success of the Con- 
tinental cause that the men then in the service should be re- 
tained, even if in doing so the timbers of the ship had to be 
strained. The men in the line had been enlisted for "three 
years, or during the war." There can be but very little 
doubt as to the meaning of this contract. The only reason- 
able construction is that they were to remain at most for 
the three years, but if the war should end during that period, 
the government, having no longer use for their services, 
should be at liberty to discharge them. As it happened, the 
war lasted beyond the three years and it suited the necessi- 
ties of the government to act upon the assumption that "dur- 
ing the war" meant a time without limit. A large propor- 
tion of these men had been enlisted in 1776 and 1777, and 
therefore their terms of service had long expired and they 
were being held without warrant of law. Moreover, cold 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 49 

weather had come upon them, and in the language of Wayne, 
"the distressed situation of the soldiers for want of clothing 
beggars all description." They had no money for their fami- 
lies and Washington wrote that there had been a "total want 
of pay for nearly twelve months." No gentle remedy would 
have served any purpose in such a situation. There arose 
among them a hero with the plebeian name of William Bow- 
ser, but imbued with the spirit that won the war of the Rev- 
olution, a sergeant of the Tenth Pennsylvania Regiment. 
With every probability of being shot to death and covered 
with ignominy, with the nicest propriety of conduct, with a 
certain rude eloquence, he confronted Anthony Wayne. 
George Washington, the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive 
Council, and the Continental Congress. He was absolutely 
right as to his contentions, and musket in hand, he gained his 
cause by force, over the heads of them all, and brought about 
a relief from the difficulties that encompassed them. About 
nine o'clock in the night of the first of January, 1781, the line 
arose en masse, formed on parade with their arms and with- 
out their officers, took possession of the provisions and am- 
munition, seized six pieces of artillery, took the horses from 
the stables, swept the ground with round shot and grape and 
proposed to march to Philadelphia and see to it that their 
grievances were redressed. Some of the officers who tried 
to stem the torrent were killed. Some of the men were 
stricken with swords and espontoons and their bodies 
trampled beneath the hoofs of the horses. Then there were 
conferences. Joseph Reed, President of Pennsylvania, and 
the Congress began to stir themselves and to make strenuous 
efforts to meet the troubles of the situation. For two weeks 
the men kept up a perfect discipline and permitted Wayne, 
with Colonel Butler and Stewart, to come and go among 
them. Sir Henry Clinton sent two emissaries to them with 
a written proposition to afford them protection, to pay in 
gold all the arrears of wages due from the Congress, and to 
exempt them from all military service. Tt was no doubt a 
tempting offer. It would have ended the war. and the Col- 
onies would have remained dependencies. These patriots 
were not made of such stuff. They at once handed over to 
4 



50 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

Washington the British agents, who were on the twelfth 
promptly hanged. Reed had the indelicacy to offer a reward 
in money, which Bowser declined because the spies had been 
surrendered "for the zeal and love of our country." In the 
end the government discharged twelve hundred and fifty men 
whose terms had expired, thus admitting its delinquency, 
gave to each poor fellow a pair of shoes, an overall and a 
shirt, and promised that the "arrearages of pay (were) to be 
made up as soon as circumstances will admit." The greater 
number of the men willingly reenlisted and Israel went back 
to its tents. "The path we tread is justice and our footsteps 
founded upon honor," announced Sergeant Bowser. 

The war now drifted to the southward and Wayne with 
eight hundred of the Pennsylvania line appeared in Virginia. 
Washington ordered the line to be transferred to the south- 
ern army, and wishing a brigadier to go with the first de- 
tachment so as to be ready to form the whole, wrote to 
Wayne: "This duty of course devolves upon you." La- 
fayette, then in Virginia, warmly expressed his gratification 
and Greene did not hesitate to declare : "You must know you 
are the Idle (Idol) of the legion." 

A tragedy preceded the movement of the troops into the 
campaign. As has been shown, they had been promised that 
the arrearages of their wages would be paid to them. The 
money came while they were in York, in Pennsylvania, but 
it was the paper of the Continental Congress. According 
to Wayne this paper was then worth about one-seventh of 
its face value, and the people of the neighborhood declined 
to accept it in exchange for what they had to sell. On the 
twenty-fourth of May a few men on the right of each "regi- 
ment, when formed in line, called out that they wanted real, 
and not ideal, money," and that "they were no longer to be 
trifled with." These men were ordered to retire to 
their tents, and they refused to go. The officers, who had 
come prepared, promptly knocked them down and put them 
in confinement, a court-martial was ordered on the spot, the 
trial proceeded before the soldiers paraded under arms, and 
in the course of a few hours the accused were convicted of 
mutiny and shot. Says Wayne, "Whether by design or acci- 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 51 

dent the particular friends and messmates of the culprits were 
their executioners." Our patriotic forefathers of the Rev- 
olutionary War were not altogether gentle and mild-man- 
nered persons. To Polly, whose tender heart must have 
been moved by the painful recital, he explained : "I was 
obliged to make an exemplary punishment, which will have 
a very happy effect." But we find more relief in a letter he 
wrote about the same time to Nicholson, the paymaster: 
"My feelings will not permit me to see the widows and or- 
phans of brave and worthy soldiers who have fought, bled 
and died under my own eye, deprived of those rights they 
are so justly entitled to." His careless servant Philip lost 
the greater part of his table linen and napkins ; his carriage 
and its horses, his baggage wagon with its four horses, a 
driver and four soldiers were at the plantation of Colonel 
Simm; "But hark, the ear piercing fife, the spirit stirring 
drum, and all the pomp and glorious circumstance of war," 
summoned him to horse, and away they hurried to Virginia, 
crossing the Potomac with artillery and baggage upon four 
little boats, one of which sank, drowning a few men, and 
reaching Leesburg, a distance of thirty miles, in two days. 
On another day, when there was no river to cross, they 
marched twenty-two miles. As had grown to become cus- 
tomary, in the Virginia campaign as elsewhere, Wayne went 
to the front. On the twenty-fifth of June Lafayette wrote: 
"Having given you the command of our advanced corps, 
consisting of Butler's advance and your Pennsylvanians, I re- 
quest you to dispose of them in the best way you think 
proper." 

Cornwallis had his headquarters at Portsmouth and held 
control- of the peninsula between the York and the James 
rivers, while Lafayette, whose force was much inferior, 
marched hither and yon in an effort to prevent the British 
detachments from getting supplies and if possible to cut them 
off and effect their capture. On the sixth of July what he 
thought to be the coveted opportunity arose. Information 
came that Cornwallis, in moving down the James river, had 
left his rear guard on the eastern bank near Green Spring, 
and that his army was divided with a river between. La- 



52 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

fayette ordered Wayne, with eight hundred men, nearly all 
of them from Pennsylvania, and three field pieces, to make 
an attack upon this rear guard. After crossing a swamp by 
means of a causeway, and coming upon the enemy, they dis- 
covered too late that the information was erroneous, and that 
they were confronted by the whole British army of four thou- 
sand men under command of Cornwallis himself. The lion, 
awakened from his sleep, sprang forward in a dangerous 
mood and soon flanking parties began to envelop Wayne 
upon both sides. Here was a serious problem — a swamp in 
the rear, an enemy on the front, and overwhelming forces 
closing around. What was to be done? Lafayette hurried 
off an aide to bring up his army, but they were five miles 
away, and what might not be accomplished while ten miles 
of country were being traversed? To retreat was to be ut- 
terly lost. To stand still meant ultimate capture. Situa- 
tions such as these, requiring the capacity to think accurate- 
ly in the midst of unexpected crises, which Hooker was un- 
able to do at Chancellorsville, and the character bravely and 
vigorously to act upon the conclusions reached, in which Lee 
failed at Monmouth, furnish the real test of military ability. 
Wayne boldly ordered a charge, the troops had entire con- 
fidence in his leadership, and he succeeded. Cornwallis, with 
an estimated loss of three hundred in killed and wounded, re- 
tired toward Portsmouth to meet his now threatened fate. 
Of the Americans one hundred and twenty were killed or 
wounded. Lafayette in general orders proclaimed: "The 
general is happy in acknowledging the spirit of the detach- 
ment commanded by General Wayne in their engagement 
with the total of the British Army * * * The conduct 
of the Pennsylvania field and other officers are new instances 
of their gallantry and talents." Greene, who had a some- 
what undue respect for the British general, wrote : "Be a 
little careful and tread softly, for depend upon it you have a 
modern Hannibal to deal with in the person of Cornwallis. 
Oh, that I had had you with me a few days ago." 

Washington placidly wrote : "I cannot but feel myself 
interested in the welfare of those to whose gallant conduct 
I have so often been a witness," while the more youthful and 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 53 

mercurial Light Horse Harry Lee could not restrain his en- 
thusiasm, almost shouting: "I feel the highest joy in know- 
ing that my dear friend and his gallant corps distinguished 
themselves so gloriously." 

The wounded soldiers lacked hospital accommodations 
and supplies. Wayne ordered them to be furnished, and if 
there should be trouble about the payment, "place it to my 
account." This was not the first time he assumed individual 
pecuniary responsibility for the relief of his men and the wel- 
fare of the cause. In 1777, when there was great distress for 
want of provisions, he sent ten head of cattle to the army 
from his own farm and had not been paid for them as late 
as 1780. 

The Continental army and the French fleet were about to 
concentrate and close in around Cornwallis, and in keeping 
him occupied and preventing the Virginia raids the army of 
Lafayette had borne its part in bringing about the result. On 
one occasion Wayne made, as he says, a push for Tarleton at 
Amelia, but the doughty Colonel had precipitately retreated. 
It seems almost a pity that they could not have come to- 
gether. In August for six days during a period of two 
weeks, the soldiers of Wayne had been "without anything to 
eat or drink except new Indian corn and water. * * * 
Neither salt, spirits, bacon or flour," but such inconvenience 
did not dampen their ardor. For a time Wayne had been at 
Westover, and he impressed his hostess, the courtly Mrs. 
Byrd, who wrote: "I shall ever retain the highest sense of 
your politeness and humanity, and take every opportunity 
of testifying my gratitude." The part he took in holding 
Cornwallis was important. On August the thirty-first, Lafa- 
yette thought that if Cornwallis did not that night cross to 
the south of the James, twenty-five ships of the Comte de 
Grasse having been sighted, he would have to stand a siege. 
The Marquis sent Wayne over the river and wrote, "now that 
you are over, I am pretty easy." Wayne posted his men at 
Cobham on the south side of the James, opposite to Corn- 
wallis, with nothing but the river between them, selected a 
location on James Island for three thousand of the French, 
who had landed too far below to be effective in preventing 



54 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

the possible retreat of Cornwallis, and then at eight o'clock 
in the night mounted his horse and rode ten miles to hold a 
conference with Lafayette, who had sent an express rider to 
point out the way. About ten o'clock he arrived at the 
camp, whereupon the sentry upon guard shot him. He had 
given the password, but the unfortunate guard, whose mind 
was intent upon the proximity of the British, made a mistake. 
In the midst of the alarm created, Wayne had great difficulty 
in preventing the whole squad from firing at him. The ball 
struck in the middle of the thigh, grazed the bone, and lodged 
on the other side. Instantaneously he felt a severe pain in 
the foot which he called the gont. For two weeks he was 
out of service and at the end of that time could only move 
around in a carriage. For the guard he had only sympathy, 
and he called him a "poor fellow," but he vented his indigna- 
tion upon Peters: "Your damned commissary of military 
plays false. He has put too little powder in the musket cart- 
ridges. * * * If the damned cartridge had a sufficiency 
of powder the ball would have gone quite through in place 
of lodging." In view of the pain and the patriotism we may 
surely, like the recording angel, pardon the profanity. That 
he accurately understood the surrounding conditions and that 
his judgment as to the outcome was sound, appears from a 
letter of September the twelfth, wherein he says : "We have 
the most glorious certainty of very soon obliging Lord Corn- 
wallis with all his army to surrender prisoners of war." What 
a contrast these thoughts present to those of another letter 
written on the same day to his little daughter: "If you have 
not already begun your French I wish you to request that 
lady to put you to it as soon as possible. * * * Music, 
dancing, drawing. * * * Apropos have you determined 
to hold your head up?" 

One of the final attacks at Yorktown was supported by 
two battalions of Pennsylvania troops and the second par- 
allel of the approaching works of the besiegers they and 
the Maryland troops completed. When Cornwallis on the 
nineteenth surrendered, the guards for one of his fortifica- 
tions were selected from the French, and for the other from 
the Pennsylvania and Maryland troops. Since the French 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 55 

had a fleet of thirty-seven vessels of war, and an army twice 
as numerous as that of the Colonies, Wayne was sufficiently 
just to concede that the victory was not altogether due "to 
the exertions of America." 

Soon after the surrender an incident occurred which shows 
what personal manliness and appreciation of the duty of a 
soldier actuated Wayne in his conduct. He was suffering 
from the effects of his recent wound and asked for a short 
leave of absence. Washington, who was himself about to go 
north to Philadelphia, where he remained until March, but 
whose purpose was to send Wayne to the south where the 
war still lingered, gave a not very cheerful assent. Where- 
upon Wayne wrote : "As a friend I told you that my feel- 
ings were hurt. As a soldier I am always ready to submit 
to difficulties. * * * Your Excellency puts it upon a 
ground which prevents me from accepting," and getting into 
a carriage, with such rapidity of progress as was practicable, 
he made his way to Greene in South Carolina along with the 
Pennsylvania line. 

Greene sent him to Georgia, and much to his regret, with- 
out his old troops. However, he had about four hundred 
dragoons, one hundred and seventy infantry, a detachment 
of field artillery, and such militia as could be raised from time 
to time. The British had possession of Savannah with thir- 
teen hundred regulars, five hundred militia, and an indefi- 
nite number of refugees and Creek and Cherokee Indians. 
The people of Georgia were so impoverished that the Legis- 
lature authorized the Governor to seize ten negroes and sell 
them in order to secure his salary. The country below the 
Briar creek between the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers had 
become a complete desert. The Whigs and Tories main- 
tained a partisan warfare of the most desperate character, in 
which mercy to prisoners was neither expected nor shown. 
Into this caldron Wayne plunged, and for the first time in 
his career he determined for himself the features of a cam- 
paign. It is interesting to observe what was expected of him 
and what were the facilities afforded him for its accomplish- 
ment. At the outset Greene sounded this note of warning : 
"Your reputation depends more on averting a misfortune 



.">(! Major (lateral Anthony Wayne. 

than on achieving something very great. Brilliant actions 
may fade, but prudent conduct never can. Your reputation 
can receive no additional luster from courage, while pruden- 
tial conduct will render it complete," and when it came to 
the methods to be pursued his suggestions were equally def- 
inite and helpful: "I think you should try to hold out en- 
couragement to the Tories to abandon the enemy's interest 
and though you cannot promise positively to pardon them 
you may promise to do all in your power to procure it." In 
brief, Greene had nothing to offer and his utmost hope was 
that no disaster should occur. Wayne in the early part of 
January, 1782, threw up intrenchments at a point on the Sa- 
vannah River twenty-five miles above the city of Savannah 
and established a line across to the Ogeechee, intended to 
separate the British from their Indian allies and to cut off the 
source of supplies. Immediately things began to move and 
the prospect to brighten. Wayne drafted a proclamation 
to be issued by the Governor of Georgia offering full pardon 
to the Tories. At the end of six weeks not an officer or sold- 
ier had had an opportunity to remove his clothing, but by 
the twenty-sixth of January the British had been driven 
from three of their outposts. The Choctaws, on their way 
to Savannah, January the thirtieth, were intercepted, twenty- 
six warriors, six white men and ninety-three pack-horses cap- 
tured, and while hostages were held the chiefs were sent back 
to their tribe with messages of friendliness and peace. By 
the middle of February the British were confined to the city. 
On the last day of the month he burned a lot of British for- 
age within half a mile of Savannah. On one occasion he had 
a personal rencontre with a Creek chief, in which the chief 
killed his horse, and he cut down the Indian with his sword. 
On the twenty-first of April he heard again from Greene, who 
wrote : "General Barnwell tells me you talk of taking posi- 
tion nearer the enemy. It is not my wish you should," to 
which Wayne, who held a different view, replied : "I never 
had an idea of taking a position within striking distance, but 
such a one as would tend to circumscribe the enemy without 
committing myself. Such a position is about six miles in our 
front, and if I am joined by a corps of gentlemen under Col- 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 57 

onel Clarke agreeable to promise, I shall take it." The next 
day Greene wrote that there was no ammunition with which 
to meet the demands of Wayne, that he had no arms to send, 
that the cartouche-boxes were all in use, and ordering that 
Captain Gill be withdrawn to join his own army. With the 
order recalling Gill, Wayne instantly and reluctantly com- 
plied. 

On the twenty-first of May the Seventh Regiment of Brit- 
ish Infantry with a force of cavalry, Hessians, Choctaw In- 
dians and Tories moved out to the distance of four miles from 
Savannah. In the night Wayne crossed the swamp, which 
was thought to be a protection, attacked and routed them 
with great loss, made a number of captures, including Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Douglass and thirty horses, and the next 
morning rode within sight of the city. 

"Wise commanders always own 
What's prosperous by their soldiers done" 

and Greene expressed his pleasure by saying: "You have 
disgraced one of the best officers the enemy have." In an 
effort to drag Greene along still further, Wayne wrote: "Do 
let us dig the caitiffs out. It will give an eclat to our arms 
to effect a business in which the armament of our great and 
good ally failed." 

Fortunately we have more than the usual amount of in- 
formation concerning the minor incidents and the manner of 
life through this campaign. Captured Indians were treated 
with kindness and kept in a room with fire so that they could 
do their cooking. We are told by Wayne that "Cornell is a 
dangerous villain. He must be properly secured or bought." 
To Polly, "my dear girl," he wrote: "Tell my son when he 
is master of his Latin grammar I will make him a present 
equal to his sister's when she is mistress of her French." 

The whole force of the militia of Georgia consisted of nine- 
ty men. There were numbers of the men who had nothing 
like a coat. There was only one camp kettle to every twenty 
men. An officer who came to camp with a letter of intro- 
duction was entertained with cold beef, rice and "alligator 
water," but at a more happy time we catch sight of "a quarter 



58 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

cask of Madeira wine, ten and a half gallons of rum, and 
about two hundred weight of Muscavado sugar." When a 
dragoon was scalped and his body dragged about the streets 
of Savannah, Wayne proposed to make victims of an Indian 
chief and a British officer. He prevented Mrs. Byng, a free 
quadroon, from being sold as a slave with her children, 
though her husband had been executed "as a villain, a mur- 
derer and outlaw." A lady asked to see him and sent him a 
union cockade, to which he gallantly replied : "Nature has 
been too partial in furnishing Miss Maxwell with every pow- 
er to please. Notwithstanding these dangerous circumstan- 
ces, the general as a soldier cannot decline the interview." 
The personal servant of the British Captain Hughes, who 
had been captured, he on request sent back, and the captain 
appreciated "the uncommon attention and extreme cour- 
tesy." 

Through it all Greene kept up a constant nagging. 
"You will please order the same issues as are directed in 
this army. I am willing the troops should have what is 
sufficient, but by no means more," and at another time, "I 
was told you proposed to get some clothing from Charles- 
town and pay in rice. * * * I wish you therefore to 
avoid it nor attempt anything of the kind," were some of 
his cheering messages. On the sixth of June he rather 
overdid himself, writing: "Far less regularity and economy 
has been made use of in the subsistance of your troops than 
I could have wished. * * * I find one pound and a 
quarter of beef and one pound and a quarter of rice is a 
sufficient ration for any soldier * * * both men and 
officers should be allowed a reasonable subsistence, but noth- 
ing is more pernicious than indulgence." In one sense no 
letter was ever more happily conceived. It called forth and 
secured for our benefit a pen sketch by Anthony Wayne of 
one of his campaigns, which is a contribution to historical 
literature. In response W^ayne said : "I have received 
yours of the 6th inst. on the subject of rations and economy. 

* * * I am extremely obliged to you for the anxiety 
you express for every part of my conduct to appear in the 
most favorable light.* * * On the 19th of January we 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 51) 

passed the Savannah river in three little canoes, swimming the 
horses; that by manoeuvres we obliged the enemy to aban- 
don every outpost and to retire into the town of Savannah ; 
that we found the country a perfect desert, neither meat or 
bread kind except what was within the influence of 
their arms; that notwithstanding this circumstance and sur- 
rounded by hostile savages we subsisted ourselves from the 
stores of the enemy at the point of the sword until with the 
assistance of a few reclaimed citizens, artificers and slaves we 
built a number' of large boats and rebuilt twelve capital 
bridges for the purpose of transportation, and three respecta- 
ble redoubts to enable us to hold the country, without any 
other expense to the public than a few hundred bushels of 
rice and beef in proportion, which beef as well as at least one- 
third of all that has yet been issued in this army cost the Uni- 
ted States nothing except the lives of three or four men ; the 
very salt we used was made by ourselves, and the iron, etc., 
with which our horses were shod, boats built, wagons re- 
paired, espontoons made and every kind of smithwork done 
were also procured without any cost to the public except for 
a very small proportion for which, as well as the labor, we 
were necessitated to barter some articles of provisions. We 
were also obliged to exchange some rice and meat for leather 
and thread to make and repair the horse accoutrements, 
harness, etc., or to abandon the country. * * * No 
army was ever supported for less expense or more service 
rendered in proportion to numbers than on the present occa- 
sion. 

* * * If severe discipline, constant duty, perpetual 
alarm, and facing every difficulty and danger be an indulg- 
ence, I candidly confess that the officers and men under my 
command have experienced it to a high degree." 

At half after one o'clock on the night of June the 24th 
the Creek Indians, with British assistance, made an attack 
upon the post, but after the first surprise were soon routed, 
leaving many dead, including two white men, on the field. 
One hundred and seven horses were among the spoils, but 
their masters, the Indian braves, were subjected to "the bay- 
onet to free us from encumbrance." 



<;i> Major General Anthony Wayne. 

The end of it all was that, on the eleventh of July, the 
British sailed away from Savannah to the West Indies. Un 
the twelfth Wayne, at the head of his horsemen, rode in 
triumph through the streets of the city and the soil of 
Georgia was never again trodden by the feet of the enemy. 
The grateful state set apart four thousand guineas to buy for 
Wayne a tract of land, and the captious but converted Greene 
bore tribute before the Congress to his "singular merit and 
exertions." 

He had one further and final service to render to his 
country in the War of the Revolution. When on the four- 
teenth day of December, 1782, the British forces marched 
out of the city of Charleston, leaving at last the southern 
colonies to rest and peace, two hundred yards in their rear 
at the head of that part of the Continental army, bringing 
with him promise and hope, Anthony Wayne rode into the 
relieved city, a fitting climax to his many efforts and trials 
through the eventful struggle. 

The ensuing ten years Wayne spent in civil pursuits and 
private life, endeavoring to recover from the effects of a 
malarial fever contracted in Georgia, at one time believed 
to be fatal, and struggling with those financial difficulties 
which beset men who devote their energies to the public 
service instead of to the betterment of their own fortunes. 
Throughout all of this period, notwithstanding the treaty of 
peace, the embers of the war were still smouldering, and it 
was not until after the close of the second contest in 181 2 
that Americans could feel secure in their independence. The 
country west of the Ohio was occupied by Indian tribes ever 
ready to bring devastation, destruction and desolation to the 
homes of the border settlers, and ever incited and aided by 
the British who held a number of posts along the lakes. 
Washington, who had become the President of the United 
States, selected, to command forces sent to overawe them, 
Harmar and St. Clair in succession, and each was in turn de- 
feated, the latter with circumstances of peculiar horror and 
dismay from the loss of such noted soldiers as Butler and 
Crawford, the latter burned at the stake. Then he sent for 
Anthony Wayne, gave him at last the commission of a major 
general, and placed him in command of the Army of the 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 61 

United States. In modest and serious words Wayne accepted 
the responsibility. "I clearly foresee that it is a command 
which must inevitably be attended with the most anxious 
care, and difficulty, and from which more may be expected 
than will be in my power to perform, yet I should be want- 
ing both in point of duty and gratitude to the President were 
I to decline an appointment however arduous to which he 
thought proper to nominate me," was the language of his 
letter to the Secretary of War, April 13th, 1792. 

The underlying motive of the war was the determination 
of the Indians to make the river Ohio the permanent bound- 
ary between them and the United States, and the fact that 
after the concession by Virginia of her western claims the 
Ohio company, under the leadership of Rufus Putnam, had 
established a settlement within what is now the state of Ohio. 
Within seven years fifteen hundred people had been massa- 
cred. Another defeat, said the Secretary of War with aus- 
picious suggestion, would be ruinous to "the reputation of 
the government." In its origin, in its conduct, in its results, 
and even in its details, the expedition was almost a repetition 
of the march of Caesar into Gaul. The fierce savages of a 
vast and unknown territory were about to be subjected, and 
an empire of civilization to be erected upon the lands over 
which they held sway. Wayne organized his army in Pitts- 
burg and some such forecast must have occurred to the minds 
of those in authority, for it was called not an army but a 
legion. This legion, it was intended, should be composed 
of over four thousand men, but there were actually under 
arms two thousand six hundred and thirty-one. Where it 
was recruited appears with approximate accuracy in June, 
1793, when the Secretary of War sent one hundred and nine- 
teen men from Pennsylvania, one hundred and one from Vir- 
ginia, one hundred and one from New Jersey and thirty from 
Maryland, and when Wayne issued a call for volunteers for 
six weeks, one hundred and sixty-six from Ohio, one hundred 
and sixty-four from Westmoreland, one hundred and sixty- 
four from Washington, eighty from Fayette, and eighty-two 
from Allegheny, these last four being counties in Pennsyl- 
vania. Along with the organization of the legion came the 



(Il' Major General Anthony Wayne, 

most rigid enforcement of discipline. During' the progress 
of the campaign, in which the greatest vigilance was neces- 
sary, at least two soldiers were shot to death for sleeping" on 
their posts. When Wayne found some of them drunk in the 
village, now the city of Cincinnati, he ordered that no passes 
be thereafter granted. Whiskey was kept out of the camp. 
Careful directions were issued describing the methods of 
meeting attacks upon each flank and upon the rear. He 
placed reliance on the bayonet and the sword, and urged his 
men not to forget that "the savages are only formidable to a 
flying enemy." The crowns of the hats of the men were cov- 
ered with bear skin. He insisted upon cleanliness of person 
and regularity of diet. "Breakfast at eight o'clock, dine at 
one; meat shall be boiled and soup made of it * * * a 
good old soldier will never attempt to roast or fry his meat." 
Every day the field officers, sub-lieutenants and captains of 
the guard dined with him, and his salary did not pay the ex- 
penses of the table. One hundred lashes with wire cats were 
sometimes inflicted as punishment. He adroitly sowed and 
cultivated dissensions among the Indians, having in his army 
the chief Cornplanter as well as ninety Choctaws and twenty- 
five Chickasaws. The war lasted for over two years, and 
we are enabled to appreciate the condition of wilderness in 
which it was conducted when we learn that he was without 
communication from the Secretary of War in Philadelphia 
from December to April. The British, contrary to the pro- 
visions of the treaty of peace, had established certain posts 
within the country and Wayne was given authority if he 
found it necessary to dislodge them. To his wisdom and dis- 
cretion, therefore, was trusted the grave question of renew- 
ing the war with England. Just before the march an inter- 
esting incident occurred. On the first of June, 1792, he 
granted a leave of absence to Alexander Purdy, a soldier in 
Captain Heth's company, in order that he might assist in 
printing at Pittsburg a pamphlet written by Hugh H. 
Brackenridge, "the first publication of the kind ever proposed 
in the western country." 

Late in the summer of 1792 he moved his army twenty- 
seven miles down the Ohio River and there encamped for 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 63 

the winter. In May of 1793 he advanced as far as the site 
of Cincinnati. Like all human movements in which various 
forces are concerned, there was much delay due to differences 
of views and divergences of counsels. Wayne had reached 
the conclusion that we should never have a permanent peace 
until the Indians were taught to respect the power of the 
United States, and until the British were compelled to give 
up their posts along the shores of the lakes. In Philadelphia 
the government was timid about entering upon the war, and 
previous defeats had made it fearful of the outcome. Knox, 
the Secretary of War, wrote that the sentiments of the people 
"are adverse in the extreme to an Indian War," and again 
"it is still more necessary than heretofore that no offensive 
operations should be undertaken against the Indians." and 
finally that a "defeat at the present time and under the pres- 
ent circumstances would be pernicious in the highest degree 
to the interests of the country." While the hostile Indians 
were perfecting their combinations and holding their pow- 
wows with Simon Girty and an aide of the British Colonel 
Simcoe, who promised them protection as well as arms, am- 
munition, and provisions, the Government sent B. Lincoln, 
Beverly Randolph and Timothy Pickering to Fort Erie to 
negotiate for peace. The result of these efforts was that 
after gaining what time was needed the Indians refused to 
treat at all, and the duty fell upon Wayne to see that the 
commissioners reached home with their scalps on their heads, 
for which they formally gave him thanks. To make a gen- 
eral war was the conclusion of the tribes. Wayne then 
wrote to Knox : "Knowing the critical situation of our in- 
fant nation and feeling for the honor and reputation of the 
government which T shall support with my latest breath, you 
may rest assured that I will not commit the legion unnec- 
essarily." 

By the thirteenth of October he had marched to a point 
on a branch of the Miami River, eighty miles north of Cin- 
cinnati, where he found a camp which he fortified and called 
Greenville and there he remained through the winter. The 
march was so rapid and the order maintained so perfect, 
that the Indian scouts were baffled. From there he sent a 



1)4 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

corps with guides and spies six miles further along the trail 
of Harmar to secure "intelligence and scalps." He likewise 
detached a force to go to the field where St. Clair had been 
defeated, to bury the bones of the dead and erect a fort 
called Fort Recovery. 

In May a lieutenant with a convoy gallantly charged and 
repelled an assault. 

On the thirtieth of June about seventeen hundred of the 
enemy made a desperate attempt to capture an escort under 
the walls of Fort Recovery and to carry the fort by storm, 
keeping up a heavy fire and making repeated efforts for two 
days, but were finally repulsed. Twenty-one soldiers were 
killed and twenty-nine wounded, and no doubt both sides 
were animated by the memories of the misfortunes of St. 
Clair at the same place. A few days later, after receiving- 
some reinforcements of mounted men from Kentucky, he 
marched seventy miles into the heart of the Indian country, 
built Fort Defiance at the junction of the Le Glaize and 
Miami rivers, and then within sight of a British fort on the 
Miami made his preparations for the battle which was in- 
evitable. He had marched nearly four hundred miles 
through the country of an enemy, both watchful and vin- 
dictive ; had cut a road through the woods the entire way, 
upon a route longer, more remote and more surrounded with 
dangers than that of Braddock ; had overcome the almost 
insuperable difficulties of securing supplies ; had built three 
forts, and now had reached a position where the issue must 
be decided by arms. On the morning of August 20th, 1794, 
the army advanced five miles, with the river Miami on the 
right, a brigade of mounted volunteers on their left, a light 
brigade on their rear, and a selected battalion of horsemen 
in the lead. They came to a place where a tornado had 
swept through the forest, and thrown down the trees, since 
called the Fallen Timbers, and where the twisted trunks and 
limbs lay in such profusion as to impede the movements of 
the cavalry. Here the Indians, two thousand in number, en- 
couraged by the proximity of the British fort, determined to 
make a stand. Hidden in the woods and the high grass, they 
opened fire upon the mounted men in the front and succeed- 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 65 

ed in driving them back to the main army. The enemy were 
formed in three lines in supporting distance of each other, 
extending for about two miles at right angles to the river and 
were protected and covered by the woods. Wayne formed 
his force in two lines. He soon perceived from the firing 
and its direction that they were strong in numbers on his 
front and were endeavoring to turn his left flank. He met 
this situation by ordering up the rear line to support the 
first, by sending a force by a circuitous route to turn the right 
of the enemy, by sending another force at the same time 
along the river to turn their left, and by a direct charge with 
trailed arms in the front to drive the Indians from their cov- 
ert with the bayonet, his favorite weapon. The Indians 
could not resist the onset, broke in confusion, and were 
driven two miles in the course of an hour through the woods 
with great loss. Their dead bodies and British muskets lay 
scattered in all directions. The next dav Wayne rode for- 
ward and inspected the British fort. The Major in com- 
mand wanted to know "in what light am I to view your mak- 
ing such near approaches to this garrison?" to which Wayne 
replied that, had the occasion arisen, the fort would not have 
much impeded "the progress of the victorious army." All 
of the villages, corn fields, and houses, including that of Mc- 
Kee, the British Indian agent, within a scope of one hundred 
miles were burned and destroyed. 

American annals disclose no such other victory over the 
savage tribes. For the next quarter of a century there were 
peace and safety along the border. Tt secured for civilization 
the territory between the Ohio and the Mississippi rivers. 
Tt made possible the development of such states as Ohio, 
Illinois and Indiana. When the information reached Ton- 
don the British government, recognizing that the cause of 
the Indians was hopeless, ordered the evacuation of the posts 
at Detroit. Oswego and Niagara. Twenty years later there 
was written in praise of Perry's victory on Take Erie that 
it was only second in importance to the West to that of 
Wavne at the Fallen Timbers. 

Two weeks later Wayne was crushed to the earth bv a fall- 
ing tree, so much bruised as to cause great pain and hem- 
5 



(»(*• M<i jar (lateral Anthony Wayne. 

orrhages, and only the fortunate location of a stump, on 
which the tree partially lodged, saved his life. 

After the treaty of cession and peace had been executed, 
and after an absence in the wilderness for three years, he 
returned home in 1795, everywhere hailed with loud acclaim 
as the hero of the time and received in Philadelphia by the 
City Troop and with salvos from cannon, ringing of bells, 
and fireworks. 

His last battle had been fought. His work was done. 
"Both body and mind are fatigued by the contest," were 
his pathetic words. Soon afterward the President sent him 
as commissioner to Detroit and on his return he died at 
Presque Isle, now Erie, December the 15th, 1796. 

We have this description of his personal appearance: "PTe 
was above what is termed the middle stature and well pro- 
portioned. His hair was dark. His forehead was high and 
handsomely formed. His eyes were dark hazel, intelligent, 
quick and penetrating. His nose inclined to be aquiline." 

His was a bold spirit. His six wounds indicate that he 
did not hesitate to expose his person when need arose, but 
he possessed beside that moral courage which enabled him 
to move with steady step when confronted with difficult and 
complicated propositions where the weak waver. Neither 
the fortifications at Stony Point nor the unknown wilds of 
Ohio made him uncertain. No man was potent enough either 
in military or civil affairs to give him affront with impunity. 
He w r as on the verge of a duel with Lee, with St. Clair, and 
with some others. He did not hesitate on occasion to say 
"damn." At the same time he was almost sentimental in 
his affections. Attached to his wife, who was ever to him 
"Polly," or "my dear girl," he wanted her to come to him in 
camp, and he never wrote to her without telling her to kiss 
for him his "little son and daughter." A negro boy waited 
upon the officers of the light infantry, and when the corps 
was dissolved they determined to sell him. "The little naked 
negro boy, Sandy," wrote Wayne, "so often ordered to be 
sold, is in my possession and newly clothed. I shall take 
care of him." 

He had healthy cravings. He was fond of porter and 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 67 

Madeira, of venison, cheese and sugar, of dress, of the ap- 
proval of his fellow men, of the glory that follows successful 
military achievement. He drank tea as well as wine. We 
could be prudent and even diplomatic. Had he rushed upon 
the Pennsylvania line when they were aroused and angry, he 
would have been killed. He opposed in 1778 chasing after 
Clinton in Connecticut. Contrary to the thought of Wash- 
ington, he ordered a regiment to follow towards Stony Point 
for the purpose of having the men who were to make the 
charge strengthened by a sense of support. When the irri- 
tated Colonel Humpton claimed that Wayne's servant had 
taken his puppy and demanded its return Wayne presented 
his compliments, denied the facts, declined to "dispute so 
trifling a matter," and sent the dog. He refused to lend 
his pistols to his friend, Major Fishbourne, who wanted to 
fight a duel. He had certain philosophical tendencies. 
"For law is like war — a trade to a common capacity, but 
a science to a man of abilities," he wrote to his son, and again, 
"let integrity, industry and probity be your constant guides." 
He did not believe that the colonies could depend upon the 
aid of France, but contended that they must rest "on the firm 
ground of our own virtue and prowess." It was because of 
these tendencies that he was so particular about the discipline 
and dress of the soldiers, so insistent upon the provision for 
their needs, so reliant upon the moral effect of the cutting 
edge of a weapon, and so careful to cultivate the pride and 
esprit of the corps. He always wanted Pennsylvania troops 
to be with him in his campaigns, not that he intended to re- 
flect upon those of other states, but because they and he had 
learned to trust each other and knew the value of the asso- 
ciation. His willingness to encounter danger and to take 
the risks of responsibility was by no means all due to the im- 
pulse of a military temperament. He saw, and more than 
once made his vision plain, that many and perhaps the most 
of those around him were subservient in thought and feeling. 
They had so long regarded the English as masters that when 
they met them as foes they had more respect for the enemy 
than confidence in themselves. He knew that the first step 
toward independence must be an enlargement of soul. He 



cs Major General Anthony Wayne. 

called no Englishman a Hannibal, and when he met the 
pseudo Roman on the James, struck him with a spear, and 
alter his capture invited him to dine. '1 he supreme contri- 
bution of Wayne to the American cause was that more than 
any other general he gave it inspiration, ile proved that an 
English force could be. assailed and compelled to surrender 
in a stronghold regarded as impregnable, and his conduct 
affected for good the whole army. The most diffident were 
given courage by the example of Wayne. 

His letters, while lacking in literary skill and somewhat 
too roseate in their style, unlike much of the correspondence 
of the period, which is stilted, stiff and vague, always give 
vivid pictures and make entirely plain the thought he pur- 
posed to convey. No one can read them intelligently with- 
out being impressed with the accuracy of their reasoning and 
the correctness of his judgment upon military problems. He 
understood the conditions in Georgia better than Greene. 
He comprehended the situation in Ohio more clearly than 
Knox. The orders of Washington, Schuyler, Lafayette and 
Greene show very plainly that when they were met by a 
difficult situation, requiring strenuous mental and physical 
effort, they were all disposed to call for the assistance of 
Wayne. Every general under whom he served sent him to 
the front. He had the advance at Germantown, and Mon- 
mouth, and on the James in Virginia. He was the first to 
enter Savannah and Charleston. No other general of the 
Revolution had so varied an experience. Greene came the 
nearest to him in this respect, but he neither fought so far 
north nor so far south. He was the only one of them who 
added to his reputation as a soldier after the close of the Rev- 
olution. The most dangerous event that can happen to a 
successful general is to be required to command under dif- 
ferent conditions in a later war. History is strewn with the 
wrecks of reputations lost under such circumstances. Wayne 
was subjected to this supreme test, and still he triumphed. 
He is the only general of the Revolutionary War in whose 
achievements the great West, rapidly becoming the source 
of power in our government, can claim to have participation. 
The final popular judgment upon all questions is sure to 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 69 

reach the truth. As time has rolled along most of the gen- 
erals of the Revolution have become as vague as shadows, 
but Wayne remains instinct with life and the heart yet warms 
at the recital of his deeds. No commonwealth in America 
but has a county or town bearing his name. New York has 
made a state park of Stony Point, and ere long Ohio will 
do the like for the Fallen Timbers. One of the most in- 
spiring of our lyrics written in the stress of the War of the 
Rebellion tells how "The bearded men are marching in the 
land of Anthony Wayne." 

By no chance, therefore, does it happen that his statue is 
set upon the centre of the outer line at Valley Forge. It is 
where he stood in the cold and the drear of that gloomy and 
memorable winter, and the place he held on many a field of 
battle. This hallowed camp-ground, where was best shown 
that spirit of endurance and persistence which created a 
nation, shall tell, through the coming ages, to the future gen- 
erations of men, the story of the bold soldier and consummate 
commander, whose place seemed ever to be where the danger 
was the most threatening, and prudence and skill were the 
most essential. 



70 Major General Anthony Wayne. 



REMARKS OF MR. HENRY K. BUSH-BROWN. 



Richard M. Cadwalder, Esq., of the Commission, intro- 
duced the Sculptor, Mr. Henry K. Bush-Brown. 

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : This is an un- 
usual honor to confer on an artist. As a sculptor finds his 
means of expression in form and not in words, I shall not 
ask your attention for more than a few moments. 

In making the statue of Major-General Anthony Wayne, 
I have had a most fortunate opportunity. For of all the 
heroes of the War of the Revolution, Wayne is one that fills 
the ideal of the imagination and especially of the youth of the 
laud and all who love a man of courage and action. Is not 
this "the happy warrior?" Is not this he "that every man 
in arms should wish to be?" 

To express the ideal in life is the special function of art, 
and if art has any duty to perform it is to lead men to a 
better and higher ideal of citizenship. 

We are assembled here to-day to take part in the tribute 
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to the great hero, 
and I am happy to say that I was one of a few people who 
through the auspices of the Empire State Sons of the Ameri- 
can Revolution and the American Science and Historic Pres- 
ervation Society, assembled at Stony Point on the Hudson 
and dedicated, as a State Park, that historic field where Gen- 
eral Anthony Wayne won his brilliant military honors. 

That was a fitting tribute from the State of New York to 
the military genius of the man we honor to-day. 

Gentlemen of the Valley Forge Commission, I thank you 
for this opportunity to express myself in interpreting to the 
world one of the world's greatest men. How far I have suc- 
ceeded is for the world to judge. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 71 



BENEDICTION. 

The benediction was pronounced by Rev. Joseph E. 
Sagebeer, Ph. D., pastor of the Great Valley Baptist Church 
(Founded 171 1). 

"And now may the love of God, the grace of our Lord 
Jesus Christ, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with 
us all evermore. Amen." 



INSCRIPTIONS 


ON 


THE 


TABLETS 


OF 


THE 


PEDESTAL 


OF THE STATUE 



( 73) 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. ~7> 



ANTHONY WAYNE 

Colonel Chester Co. Battalion of Minute Men, July 21, 
1775. 

Colonel 4th Pennsylvania Infantry Battalion, January 3, 
1776. 

Brigadier-General Continental Army February 21, 1777 to 
November 3, 1783. 

Brevetted Major-General, September 30, 1783. 

"RESOLVED UNANIMOUSLY, That the thanks of Con- 
gress be presented to Brigadier-General Wayne for his brave, 
prudent and soldierly conduct in the spirited and well-con- 
ducted attack on Stony Point, that a gold medal emblemati- 
cal of this action be struck and presented to Brigadier-Gen- 
eral "Wayne." 

Major-General and Commander-in-Chief United States 
Army, March 5, 1792 to December 15, 1796. 



Chairman of the Chester County Committee, 1774. 
Deputy to the Provincial Convention, 1774. 
Member of the Assembly, 1774, 1784-1785. 
Delegate to the Provincial Convention, 1775. 
Member of the Committee of Safety, 1775-1776. 
Member of the Council of Censors, 1783. 
Member of the Pennsylvania Convention to ratify the 
Constitution, 1787. 



Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1745. 
Died at Presque Isle, Pennsylvania, December 15, 1796. 



"Lead me forward."— Wayne at Stony Point. 




ANTHONY WAYNE 

. COLONEL CHESTER C?. BATTALION OF MINUTE MEN. JULY 21.1775 
COLONEL 4th PENNA. INFANTRY BATTALION JANUARY 3. 1776 
BRIG GENERAL CONTINENTAL ARMY FEBRUARY 21. 1777 TO NOVEMBER 3. 1783 
BREVETTED MAJOR GENERAL SEPTEMBER 30. 1783 

"RESjOLWED UNANIMOUSLY. THAT THE THANKS OF CONGRESS BE PRESENTED TO BRIG GENERAL WATNB 
FOR HIS fcRAYE, PRUDENT AND SOLDIERLY CONDUCT IN THE SPIRITED AND WELL CONDUCTED ATTACK ON 
STONY POINT: THAT A. CULO. MEDAL EMBLEMATICAL OF THIS ACTION BE STRUCK AND PRESENTED TO 
RRIC GENERAL WAYNEl 

MAJOR CENERAL. AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF UNITED STATES ARMY. MARCH 5. 1792. 
TO DECEMBER 15 I73G * 



CHAIRMAN OF THE CHESTER COUNTY COMMITTEE 177* 

DEPUTY TO THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTION 1774 

MEMBER OF THE ASSEMBLY 1774 1784-1785 

DELEGATE TO THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTION 1775 

MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY 177S-1776 

MEMBER Qr THE COUNCIL OF CENSORS 1783 

MEMBER OF THE PENNSYLVANIA CONVENTION TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION 1787 



BORN IN CHESTER C° PENNSYLVANIA JANUARY I. 1745 - 
DIED AT PRESQlT ISLE PENNSYLVANIA DECEMBER IS 1786 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 77 

AN ACT 

To provide for the erection of an equestrian statue of General 
Anthony Wayne, on the Revolutionary Camp Grounds of Valley 
Forge, and making an appropriation therefor. 

Section I. Be it enacted, &c, That the Governor of the 
said Commonwealth shall appoint three persons, who when 
appointed, are created a Commission to select, procure and 
erect an equestrian statue, on the Revolutionary Camp- 
Grounds at Valley Forge, to suitable commemorate the il- 
lustrious military and civil services rendered by General 
Anthony Wayne, of Revolutionary fame, to the State and 
Nation. 

Section 2. That the sum of "thirty thousand dollars, or so 
much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to 
the said Commission, for the purposes herein designated. 

Approved — The nth day of May, A. D., 1905. 

SAMUEL, W. PENNYPACKER. 



AN ACT 

Making an appropriation for the payment of the expenses incident 
to the dedication of the equestrian statue of General Anthony Wayne, 
erected on the Revolutionary Camp Grounds of Valley Forge by 
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, under the provisions of an act 
of the General Assembly, approved the eleventh day of May, Anno 
Domini one thousand nine hundred and five. 

Whereas, In pursuance of authority given by an act of the 
General Assembly, approved the eleventh day of May. Anno 
Domini one thousand nine hundred and five, the State of 
Pennsylvania provided for the erection of an equestrian statue 
of General Anthony Wayne, on the Revolutionary Camp 
Grounds of Valley Forge, which statue is now nearing com- 
pletion and will soon be ready for dedication ; therefore 

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c, That the Commission to 
select, procure, and erect an equestrian statue, on the Rev- 
olutionary Camp Grounds at Valley Forge, to suitably com- 
memorate the illustrious military and civil services rendered 
by General Anthonv Wavne, of Revolutionarv fame, to the 



78 Major General Anthony Wayne. 

State and Nation, at such time as the members thereof deem 
best, appoint a day for the dedication of the aforesaid statue. 
The said dedication shall be under the control of and direc- 
tion of the said Commission. 

Section 2. The sum of one thousand dollars, or so much 
thereof as may be necessary, be and the same is hereby speci- 
fically appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury, not 
otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of paying the neces- 
sary expenses incident to the dedication of the said statue; 
the said appropriation to be paid on the warrant of the Audit- 
or General, on a settlement made by him and the State Treas- 
urer, upon vouchers duly certified by the officers of the said 
Commission. Any unexpended balance of the sum herein 
appropriated shall revert to the State Treasury, at the close 
of the two fiscial years beginning June first, one thousand 
nine hundred and seven. 

Approved — The 13th day of June, A. D. 1907. 

EDWIN S. STUART. 



AN ACT 

To provide for the publication of the report of the ceremonies at the 
dedication of the equestrian statue of -Major General Anthony Wayne, 
at Valley Forge, June twentieth, one thousand nine hundred and 
eight; providing for the distribution of the said publication, and 
making an appropriation for the same. 

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c, That there shall be publish- 
ed, under the direction of the commsision for the erection of 
an equestrian statue of Major General Anthony Wayne on 
the Revolutionary camp grounds at Valley Forge, five thou- 
sand five hundred and twenty-five copies of its report of the 
ceremonies at the dedication of the statue, June twelfth, one 
thousand nine hundred and eight ; to be published in one vol- 
ume, by the Superintendent of Public Printing and Bind- 
ing, on the order of the commission ; to be bound in cloth and 
leather, and to contain such views and illustrations as may 
be selected by the commission. 



Ceremonies at Dedication of Statue. 70 

Section 2. The distribution of the publication shall be as 
follows: One hundred and fifty copies, for the use of the 
Governor ; and fifty copies each, for the use of the Lieutenant 
Governor, the Secretary of the Commonwealth, the Auditor 
General, the Adjutant General, the Attorney General, the 
State Treasurer, the Secretary of Internal Affairs, the Sec- 
retary of Agriculture, the Superintendent of Public Printing 
and Binding, the Commissioner of Banking, the Commis- 
sioner of Insurance, Factory Inspector, Department of 
Mines, Superintendent of Public Grounds and Buildings, 
State Fisheries Commission, Forestry Commission, and State 
Library; six hundred copies for the Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction for distribution among the schools of the 
Commonwealth ; three hundred copies to the commission ; 
two hundred copies to the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania; one hundred copies to the Pennsylvania Commandery 
of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United 
States ; three hundred copies to the Posts of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, in Pennsylvania ; ten hundred copies for the 
use of the Senate, and twenty hundred copies for the use of 
the House, to be delivered to the members of the present 
Legislature. 

Section 3. For editing, revising, compiling, proofreading, 
copying, classifying, and indexing the same, the sum of five 
hundred dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, 
is hereby specifically appropriated. For printing, binding. 
and other expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of 
this act, a further sum of three thousand dollars is hereby 
specifically appropriated. 

All sums to be paid on warrant to the Auditor General, 
upon presentation of specifically itemized vouchers certified 
to by the commission. 

Approved — The 13th day of May, A. D., 1909. 

EDWIN S. STUART. 



SO Major General Anthony Wayne. 



HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST. 



General Orders, \ April 18, 1908. 

No. 58. j Governors Island, New York City, 

In compliance with instructions from the War Department, 
dated April n, 1908, the commanding officer, Fort Myer, 
Va., is directed to send Battery E, 3d Field Artillery, to Val- 
ley Forge, Chester County, Pa., so as to arrive at that place 
not later than the morning of June 20, 1908, for the purpose 
of participating" in the ceremonies of the unveiling of an 
equestrian statue of the late Major General Anthony Wayne, 
to be erected on the Revolutionary Camp Ground at Valley 
Forge. In the event of Battery E being engaged in a prac- 
tice march about June 20, the battery commander will route 
and time the march so that he will be at Valley Forge equip- 
ped and ready for the duty designated on the date mentioned. 
As the commission in charge of the unveiling desires the 
salute for a Major-General, U. S. Army, fired, sufficient blank 
ammunition and other necessary material will be carried by 
the battery. The quartermaster's department will furnish 
the necessary transportation, and the subsistence department 
suitable rations. Upon completion of this duty the battery 
will return to its proper station or continue on practice 
march, as the case may be. 

By Command of Major-General Grant : 

H. 0. 9. HEISTAND. 
Adjutant General. 



INDEX. 



Page. 
Act of General Assembly, 1905, providing for the erection of 

Statue, 77 

Act of General Assembly, providing for the Dedication, 1908 77 

Act of General Assembly providing for the publication of the 

Ceremonies, 1909 78-79 

Bush-Brown, Henry K., remarks 70 

Commission to erect Statue, 3 

General Orders No. 58, Headquarters Department of the East, 1908, 80 

Herman, John Armstrong, address, 13-23 

Inscriptions on Tablets of the Pedestal, 75 

Lamb, Rev. James H., prayer, 11-12 

Pennypacker, Hon. Samuel W. , address 28-69 

Preface, 5-6 

Programme of the Dedication, June 20, 1908 9 

Sagebeer, Rev. Joseph E., benediction, 71 

Stewart, Brig.-General Thomas J., address, 24-27 



< 81) 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



011 801 192 2 • 



